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Circuits

Overachieving and under-appreciated, circuits are the foundation that our technological society is built on. Now's your chance to find out not only how they work, but why. Questions regarding the physics behind voltage, resistance, capacitance, inductance, transistors, LEDs, switches, and power supplies; and how they're used to create analog and digital circuits, should be directed here.

1,646 Questions

What is a pip circuit?

PIP stands for "Profile Ignition Pickup" which is a sensor that is used to find RPM.

On most vehicles with distributors, The PIP signal is created in the Hall Effect and Stator assembly and indicates crankshaft position and engine RPM.

What happens to an IP datagram when its TTL reaches 0?

what happens

to a packet if the TTL field reaches 0

I dont believe a datagram reaches O because once the datagram reaches 1 the router or device discards it.I banged ur mom she sucked this stick

B-----D

What is the total capacitance of a circuit with three capacitors connected in series with the following values C1 015 fd C2 015 fd and C3 015?

It looks like all three of your capacitors have the same value. So the effective

capacitance when they're all conected in series is 1/3 of that value = 0.005 fd.

What is figure of merit?

it is amount if current takes for unit diffection in given galvanometer

What is the difference in an open circuit and a short circuit?

an open circuit is a circuit that does not complete the circle.

an open circuit does not do the job as the electricity stands still

a short circuit is a circuit that wires have crossed and the electricity takes the shortest path. and does not complete all of the points on the circuit

What are the four basic components that make up all circuits?

  1. Power sources
  2. Conductors
  3. Power drains
  4. Substrate

or

  1. Power sources
  2. Active components
  3. Passive components
  4. Substrate

Why is earthing important?

1. To prevent the buildup of static electricity

2. For safety-a voltage short will blow a fuse or trip a breaker. If hot AC gets to

a metal cabinet that is not grounded, the the cabinet will be "hot" and if you

get between "hot" and ground you could be shocked and possible death.

Others can add more I'm sure.

("Earthing" is another term for "grounding" in electrical wiring.)

What are high voltage bushings?

A BUSHING IS A DEVICE USED TO CARRY CURRENT AT HIGH POTENTIALS THROUGH GROUNDED BARRIERS. EXAMPLE: A TRANSFORMER TANKVARIOUS BUSHINGS AVAILABLE ARE, # OIL IMPREGNATED PAPER(OIP) BUSHING # RESIN IMPREGNATED PAPER(RIP) BUSHING

What are resistors?

A resistor is an electrical device that limits current in a circuit. It converts electrical energy into thermal energy (heat), and drops voltage. Conductors in an electrical circuit allow current to flow through them will little resistance. The medium in a resistor, the resistive material, is not a good conductor, and will "resist" the current that wants to flow through it. This is how it limits current in a circuit. A resistor is rated according to its resistance and it ability to dissipate heat. It will be rated in ohms of resistance and in watts. A one ohm resistor will allow one amp of current to flow through it when one volt is applied across it. It will generate one watt of thermal energy, which it will have to dissipate as heat.
A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit. Resistors can also be used to provide a specific voltage for an active device such as a transistor.

IS Emitter base resistance greater than emitter collector resistance in transistor?

It depends on whether the transistor is in the active region or not. Usually, the transistor would be in the active region when we are asking this question. if we look at the data sheet for the popular 2N3905 transistor, available at http://www.fairchildsemi.com/ds/2N/2N3905.pdf,

we see that if V collector-emitter is 10 V, the collector current is 1 mA, and the small signal frequency is 1 kHz, the typical small signal signal input impedance (which is nearly the same as small signal base-emitter resistance) is about 5,000 ohms. Under the same conditions, the typical output admittance, (which is nearly the same as the small signal collector-emitter resistance) is about 30 microsiemens. Calculate 1/0.000030 to find that this is the same as about 33,000 ohms, so in this case the collector-emitter small signal resistance is greater than the base-emitter small signal resistance. You might be able to find an operating point where the reverse is true.

What does MV stand for?

Michael (john) Valkenburg :)

What is the behavior of RC RL series circuit?

The series circuit described (if understood correctly) is a series tank circuit. It is a tuned circuit. The C and the L are capacitance and inductance, respectively, and they are said to be in series. What that translates into is that as an AC signal passes through them, they "ring" electronically (they oscillate) a certain amount depending on the frequency of the signal that is put in. Based on the C and the L, there will be one frequency that the circuit will like to run at, and this will be the resonant frequency (fo) of the series tank circuit. A maximum amount of oscillation can be expected at fo, and the tank is tuned for that frequency. But what if a signal is above or below fo? Signals above and below fo will not cause as much oscillation as the one right at fo. And the farther from fo they are, the less oscillation they will cause. If we graph the output (eo) of a stage (with frequency on the x-axis and gain on the y-axis) that has this kind of tuned circuit in it, we'll see a sharp peak at fo and a general falling off on either side. The farther from fo the input signal is, the less gain. This is true for signals both above and below fo. There is a slight difference in response as regards the slope of the flanks of that peak. The lower frequencies will fall off "forever" but the higher ones will fall of about the same as the lower ones to a point and then will not suffer much more attenuation. That's because at frequencies above fo, the circuit will have stronger capacitive characteristics, and the higher fequency signals will be coupled through. A graph of this circuit can be seen by using the link provided. There is also a link to the Wikipedia article on the RLC circuit from which this graph came. Lastly, the amount of R in the RLC circuit will determine the quality factor (Q) of the circuit. The quality determines how high and how wide the peak on our graph will be. Higher R means less quality. Lower R will result in higher Q. The higher Q circuit will have a higher and sharper peak. The lower Q circuit will have a lower but wider peak. The quality is a determinant in bandpass. Lower Q circuits will have higher (broader or wider) bandpass.

Where is the blower resistor located on a 1994 Dodge Shadow?

under the cowl, remove wiper arm assembly, remove cowl, remove windshield washer resvior (sp) and you will find it

Where is voltage regulator on 1999 Chevy Cavalier 2.2?

Inside the alternator

Check the burned out fuse able link. I had the same problem the battery light remained on when driving and killed my battery. i replaced the alternator the battery and new negative and positive wires but still had the battery light to come on. i also reground the negative terminal cause the corner broke off the battery tray due to rust. So after changing all that, i found out that the only other thing it could be was the fuse able link. Its the wire that goes from your alternator to the starter solenoid. The wire starts out red from your alternator and goes all the way to the starter solenoid about 6 inches before you get to the starter solenoid the wire changes colors to a light blue color then connects to the solenoid. That blue wire is your problem. That has a fuse inside of it and it usually melts or gets fried. 2 ways to fix it, find another wire like that or you can simply strait wire it with the existing wire you got already or go by new 8-10 gauge wire about 1ft and a half and 2 new terminals and strait wire it, and every thing will be ok i did it to mine 45,000 miles ago and have had no problem

Trust me i went through the head ache of changing everything thing in the car far as the charging system goes. When it comes to the charging system there are really only a few components. 1 The Battery. 2 The alternator. 3 Solenoid /or starter solenoid.4 Positive and negative wires. 5 A good Ground 6. Fuse able Link

If the link is broken nothing will work and the alternator will not read on machine and have no power to it.

Good luck

What is input voltage?

It's the voltage required for something to work. Cars usually have 12 volt electrical systems, so every electric consumer in a car, lights, radio etc needs a 12 V input voltage.

The voltage commonly supplied to a residence by the local utility is?

That depends on where the residence is located. There are a number of different

nominal utility supply voltages in use throughout the world.

Here are the various voltages, with a few examples of where each is used:

240V / 50 Hz

Fiji, Kuwait, Malaysia, Nigeria

230V / 50 Hz

Albania, Australia, France, Israel

220V / 50 Hz

Morocco, Argentina, China, India, Russia

127V / 50 Hz

Madagascar, Libya

127V / 60 Hz

Brazil, Saudi Arabia, Mexico

120V / 60 Hz

USA, Liberia, Canada, Venezuela

115V / 60 Hz

El Salvador, Trinidad & Tobago

110V / 60 Hz

Jamaica, Cuba, Panama, Taiwan

100V / 60 Hz

Japan, Okinawa