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The series circuit described (if understood correctly) is a series tank circuit. It is a tuned circuit. The C and the L are capacitance and inductance, respectively, and they are said to be in series. What that translates into is that as an AC signal passes through them, they "ring" electronically (they oscillate) a certain amount depending on the frequency of the signal that is put in. Based on the C and the L, there will be one frequency that the circuit will like to run at, and this will be the resonant frequency (fo) of the series tank circuit. A maximum amount of oscillation can be expected at fo, and the tank is tuned for that frequency. But what if a signal is above or below fo? Signals above and below fo will not cause as much oscillation as the one right at fo. And the farther from fo they are, the less oscillation they will cause. If we graph the output (eo) of a stage (with frequency on the x-axis and gain on the y-axis) that has this kind of tuned circuit in it, we'll see a sharp peak at fo and a general falling off on either side. The farther from fo the input signal is, the less gain. This is true for signals both above and below fo. There is a slight difference in response as regards the slope of the flanks of that peak. The lower frequencies will fall off "forever" but the higher ones will fall of about the same as the lower ones to a point and then will not suffer much more attenuation. That's because at frequencies above fo, the circuit will have stronger capacitive characteristics, and the higher fequency signals will be coupled through. A graph of this circuit can be seen by using the link provided. There is also a link to the Wikipedia article on the RLC circuit from which this graph came. Lastly, the amount of R in the RLC circuit will determine the quality factor (Q) of the circuit. The quality determines how high and how wide the peak on our graph will be. Higher R means less quality. Lower R will result in higher Q. The higher Q circuit will have a higher and sharper peak. The lower Q circuit will have a lower but wider peak. The quality is a determinant in bandpass. Lower Q circuits will have higher (broader or wider) bandpass.
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