That is going to be a complicated issue. You will need the help of an attorney in your state or other jurisdiction who understands the family law in your area.

Giving anesthesia without a brain monitor is like letting your anesthesiologist play Russian roulette with your brain.

Granted most people survive their anesthesia, but that is the 20th century standard of care.

Waking up with the same number of mental 'marbles' one started with is the 21st century standard of care.

The only way to avoid the nefarious practice of routine anesthesia over medication (for fear of under medication) is to use your right to insist on a brain monitor if you are going under anesthesia for surgery.

Brain monitoring is a non-negotiable request. If your anesthesiologist tells you 'no,' ask for another anesthesiologist or go to another hospital where this monitor will be used.

75% of US hospitals have this device, but it is only used 25% of the time. Only you have to live with the long-term consequences of your short-term anesthesia care.

What is known is that up to 40% of patients leaving the hospital go home with brain fog (postoperative cognitive dysfunction or POCD) that can last as long as 1 year.

We also know that one patient dies from anesthesia over medication EVERY day.

Until widespread brain monitoring becomes the standard of care, the true incidence of the 'living death' of dementia will not be known.

Scientist do not yet know how exactly Alzheimer's disease is caused. It is believed however that people with down syndrome will develope brain changes of Alzheimer's by age 40. The main risk of Alzheimer's disease is age. 10% of those over 65 and 50% of those over 85 have a chance of getting Alzheimer's.

Scientist believe that Amyloid cascade hypothesis is the main cause of Alzheimer's. In a study conducted with patients that had Alzheimer's half of them mutation that leads to over producing in the brain of a specific form called Abeta.

Negative attitudes and behaviors affect everyone around you. When a person is negative to those around them, nobody wants to be around them. The reactions of others vary from avoidance to aggressive behavior displayed.

That really depends on their condition. If the person understands what they are doing at the time they may have the legal capacity to transfer the title. It should be done at an attorney's office so the attorney can make the determination.

Alzheimer's disease obviously affects the nervous system. (it's a disease of the brain) otherwise i don't know any others.

The same as any other human. Adl's (activities of daily living). Food,showers,protection from harm. But all done with much patience and understanding.

REPETITIVE ACTIONS Many times, people with Alzheimer's disease or other types of dementia develop a behaviour that involves repeating the same questions or actions over and over again. This can be very annoying, but it helps to try and remember that this person very possibly does not remember asking that question just moments before. Here are some possible causes of the repetitive actions, and also some coping strategies that may help you, as the carer, be able to handle the behaviour much better. * * Physical changes in the brain from diseases such as Alzheimer's. * Memory loss from dementing diseases. * Side effects of medications. This is especially true for repetitive motions. * Misinterpreting sounds or sights, thereby causing anxiety. * Separation from loved ones, causing constant questions such as, "Where's my husband/wife?" * Not understanding what is happening around the patient, resulting in questions like "What are you doing?" * Inability to express needs. For example, hunger may be expressed in the form of repeating the question, "What's for lunch?" * Trying to express emotions, such as fear, anger or insecurity. * Distract the person with a favourite activity or a favourite snack. * Respond to the emotion instead of the specific question. The person may simply need reassurance. * Remind with simple, brief statements. Don't remind the person that he or she has asked the question before, as this could be upsetting to them. * Try a gentle touch when verbal response doesn't help. Sometimes a hug or a gentle shoulder massage is more reassuring than words. * Use a calm voice when responding to repeated questions. * Use simple written reminders with patients who can still read. For example, a large sign hung in their room that says, "We will eat supper at 6:00 PM." * For the patients who no longer read, use pictures instead. For example, a picture of a toilet may replace the word "bath room" on the bathroom door. * Don't discuss plans with the person until just prior to an event, because it may cause agitation and repeated questions. * Ignore the behaviour or question. If there is no response, the behaviour may stop. This must be used carefully, though, because sometimes the patient may become angry or frustrated if the carer does not answer them. * Use memory aids. Sometimes signs, large numeral clocks and calendars will help orient some people. * Remove things that may cause repetitive questions. For example, a coat stand with coats on it may cause the patient to ask, "Is it time to go now?" * For repetitive movements such as rubbing hands together or tapping hands on the table, occupy the person with some sort of activity, a doll or a stuffed animal may be useful. * Have the patient's medications checked by a physician, because sometimes certain medicine will produce repetitive action behaviour. Remind yourself that the person with dementia does not have the ability to remember because of changes in the brain. It is sometimes helpful to keep a log or diary to help determine the causes of repetitive actions. Does the action occur at a certain time of day? Could the person be hungry, cold or hot? Keep track of when and what events have occurred, and you may be able to stop the behaviour before it starts. Some repetitive behaviour, such as sticking the tongue in and out, can be caused by too much of a sedating medication. If this type of behaviour is occurring, you should be sure and tell your doctor. Repetitive motions and questions can be one of the most frustrating behaviours for carers. It will help to try and get away for a while. Make a little time for yourself, and not only you, but also the patient will benef

Prorgressive demintia simply describes the progression at which the mental disease progresses. There is slow progressive dementia and fast dementia. Unfortunately, the faster type is considered the worse of the two since it moves much more quickly.

I believe so!

potential impact of discrimination on an individual with dementia

elderly mental infirmed

Most dementia is incurable and irreversible. Forms of dementia that are reversible are caused by a tumor or impairment from drugs or medication.

No. Alcoholism can certainly destroy brain tissue and cause a practitioner to present with dimentia or other psychological or neurological symptoms. But Alzheimer's disease has no causal connection with alcoholism.

On the other hand, there is extensive scientific medical evidence that the regular and moderate consumption of alcohol reduces the risk of developing dementia, including Alzheimer's disease.

They are support and help out there when you are dealing with a loved one with dementia. It is very challenging and difficult when you don't have the support and knowledge of the the disease. Reorientation is very helpful. As well as there are several new medications out there nowadays that can help with the progression of the disease. Good Luck and look into some support groups and other community resources.

People with dementia face difficulty in performing activities of daily living. there is also a possibility of behavioral change and lability of mood. for care takers it is a difficult situation to cope with.

care takers must understand that patient is a victim of an degenerative brain disorder and not behaving intentionally, hence they must not react . a cool and calm approach , as if care of a small bay should be given to patient.

care takers should also be able to handle their own anxities and burnout. if required professional help could be taken.

Normal age related memory impairment is often mistaken for dementia because it is quite common to become forgetful as we age. However, normal memory loss due to age should not result in any loss of function.

4.1 Describe how different individuals may experience living with dementia depending on age, type of dementia, and level of ability and disability

Depending on the form of dementia people's ability and disability will will be different. People with dementia may not necessarily always be forgetful, for example an individual with Fronto-temporal dementia may be less forgetful than a person suffering from Alzheimer disease. Their memory may remain intact but their personality and behaviour could be noticeably changed.

Dementia with Lewy bodies interrupts the brain's normal functioning and affect the person's memory, concentration and speech skills. It has similar symptoms to Parkinson's disease such as tremors, slowness of movement and speech difficulties. People with vascular dementia may suffer from incontinence or seizure where other types of dementia may not affect those.

However the level of ability and disability depend on individual's age and condition of dementia, people who are living with dementia in earlier age such as 60's-70's are less likely to be as dependable on others than people living with dementia at the age of over their 70's or 80's. People also have different levels of stamina at different ages, so their ability and disability may vary and the level of support they require will be varied as well.

There is little awareness or understanding of the needs of people who develop dementia at an early age, and this can make it very difficult for younger people to access adequate support.

There are sometimes significant age-related barriers for younger people trying to get access to dementia services. If no specialist services exist, younger people with dementia can find themselves lost between services, none of which will accept responsibility for their care.

Even if dementia services accept younger users, the type of care they provide may not be appropriate. The needs of younger people with dementia and their friends and family are not just related to age. Younger people may have different concerns and interests to older people. A service set up for people of a different generation, where activities are planned for older people who are less physical, is unlikely to meet the needs of younger people. Younger people with dementia require specialist services that are able to meet their complex needs. Specialist services should strive to help people maintain their day-to-day skills, friendships, hobbies and interests, and support people to continue to live an active life as a member of the local community.

describe how person centred approach can support an individual with dementia at different levels of abilty to eat and drink

describe how to establish consent for an activity or action can anyone help please