Electrostatics

Friction causes static electricity because when two objects rub against each other, electrons can transfer from one object to the other, creating an imbalance of charges. This imbalance of charges results in the accumulation of static electricity on the surfaces of the objects.

Wool is a good example of static electricity because it is a natural insulator, allowing electrons to build up on its surface when rubbed. When two materials are rubbed together, one material gains electrons and becomes negatively charged (like wool), while the other loses electrons and becomes positively charged. This imbalance of charges creates static electricity.

Static electricity does not provide a reliable or consistent source of power because it is typically generated in small amounts and is difficult to control and store effectively. It is also easily dissipated through contact with other objects, which means it is not practical for use as a continuous power source.

The balloons would repel each other due to like charges. Like charges repel each other according to the principle of electrostatic force. This is because the negative charges on both balloons create a force that pushes the balloons away from each other.

Items like balloons, certain fabrics (like wool and synthetic materials), plastic, and rubber are commonly known to attract static electricity due to their ability to hold onto or transfer electrons easily.

Static electricity is triggered by the transfer of electrons between two objects that are not grounded, generating an electrical charge imbalance. This transfer commonly occurs through friction when two materials come into contact and then separate, leading to one object becoming positively charged and the other negatively charged. When these charged objects come close to each other or to another conductive object, a spark or discharge may occur to balance out the charge.

Electricity is the flow of electron charge through a conductor and cannot be static unless you wish to measure the potential difference with a voltmeter,however static charge can be detected by gold leaf electroscope.

An object wont have a force, it will have a force acting on it. If a force acting on an object is negative then that simply means that the objects is in the opposite directon than the defined positive.

Eg.

An object hitting the ground will exert a force on the ground (F=ma) if we say that up is positive then the force is going to be negative (Acceleration due to gravity will be negative). So the force is not "negative" just opposite to the positive direction.

Hope that helps.

Rubbing a lucite rod with fur causes the rod to become charged by friction. Electrons are transferred from the fur to the lucite rod, giving the rod a negative charge and the fur a positive charge. This is known as triboelectric charging.

Some people may accumulate a large static charge in their bodies due to their environment or the materials they come in contact with. Factors such as clothing, footwear, and the atmosphere can contribute to the buildup of static electricity. Additionally, certain activities or behaviors, such as walking on carpets or wearing synthetic fabrics, can also increase static charge.

When you rub two objects together, electrons are transferred between the two objects. The object that gains electrons becomes negatively charged, while the object that loses electrons becomes positively charged.

Attraction in static electricity occurs when two objects with opposite charges (positive and negative) are brought close together, causing them to be pulled towards each other. Repulsion, on the other hand, happens when two objects with the same charge (both positive or both negative) are brought near each other, causing them to push away from each other.

The question may be defective. It seems to describe a one-time event, whereas
the situation is virtually always a steady-state condition. I'll try to answer both
concepts:

-- Answer to what you actually asked:

1 volt of EMF corresponds to 1 joule per coulomb of charge that climbs or falls through it.

Voltage = (charge) x (energy)

Charge = voltage/energy = 4 volts/10 joules = 0.4 coulomb of charge


-- Answer to what I think you intended to ask:

Rate of energy dissipation, called "power" = (voltage) x (rate of flow of charge, called "current")

Current = power/voltage

10 joules per second/4 volts = 10 "watts"/4 volts = 2.5 coulombs per second = 2.5 "Amperes"

Static fires, or fires caused by static electricity, can be ignited when a build-up of static charge discharges suddenly, causing a spark to jump from one charged surface to another or to a nearby flammable material. This spark can then initiate combustion if the conditions are right, leading to a fire. Static fires are more likely to occur in environments where flammable gases, vapors, or dust are present.

A static switch is a solid-state device that controls the flow of electrical current between two sources. It operates by turning on and off a semiconductor to allow or block the flow of electricity between the input and output terminals. This switching action is controlled by a control signal, such as a command from a microcontroller or sensor, to seamlessly transfer power between sources without any mechanical parts.

Electrostatic air cleaners have a "corona discharge", which ionizes the particles in the air, making them either negative or positive. After the particles are charged, they pass over a series of charged plates, which attract the oppositely charged ions, removing the particles of dust, dirt, etc. from the air.

They look like the spokes on a 3D wheel, the stickers on a spherical cactus, or the
quills on a scared porcupine. Every field line is a straight line pointing directly away
from the positive charge.

Coulomb's Law is intended to describe the way the electromagnetic force operates in our universe. The actual force that charged objects exert on each other is indeed the result of the product of the charges, not the result of the addition of the charges. The law reflects the reality.

In a Van de Graaff generator, electrons are accelerated by being repelled by the negatively charged dome and attracted by the positively charged belt. This creates an electric field that accelerates the electrons as they move towards the dome. The higher the voltage applied to the generator, the greater the acceleration of the electrons.

A balloon can become negatively charged when rubbed against certain materials, such as wool or fur. The friction created during the rubbing process can cause the balloon to gain extra electrons, giving it a negative charge.

Humidity increases the presence of water molecules in the air, which can interfere with the build-up and transfer of charge in electrostatic experiments. The water molecules can dissipate the charge more easily, leading to poorer results in humid conditions.

Rubbing against non-conductive materials like certain clothes or walking on carpets can build up static electricity on your body. When you touch a conductor (like a metal object), the excess electrons can jump from your body to the conductor, creating a shock or spark. Discharging the static electricity by touching a conductor can help prevent these shocks.

The electric field intensity at the midpoint of a dipole is zero. This is because the electric fields created by the positive and negative charges of the dipole cancel each other out at that point, resulting in a net electric field intensity of zero.

The flux through a closed surface enclosing a point charge is independent of the size of the volume it encloses. This is because the electric field due to a point charge follows an inverse square law, resulting in the flux being constant regardless of the size of the enclosing surface.

An example of electrostatic discharge is the shock you sometimes feel when you touch a metal object after walking on carpet in a dry environment. This occurs when the excess static electricity built up on your body is discharged to the metal conductor.