Evolution

Classification is the organization of organisms into groups based on shared characteristics, while evolution is the process by which organisms change over time. Classification reflects the relatedness of organisms based on their evolutionary history, with closely related organisms grouped together. Evolutionary relationships between organisms can provide insights into their classification and help refine the existing classification system.

Whether or not you are worried about global warming seems to depend on your political persuasion, at least in the United States. Republicans don't believe it is happening. Democrats believe it, but can't get enough support to do anything about it.

Republicans, for the most part, are convinced that this is just hysteria. Poll after poll demonstrates that Republicans rank this issue far-lower than terrorism, economic decline and even entitlement reform. Republicans just don't believe that global warming is occurring. This position has hardened in recent years, as the scandals that expose apparent fraud in the scientific community by those pushing the global warming agenda pile up (Mann and the Hockey Stick graph, the East Anglia climate emails, and the recent revelations about the scientists who studied polar bear populations.) Republicans are suspicious about most environmentalist claims because, quite frequently, they think they are used to expand government power rather than to solve the problem. The fact that the major advocate for manmade warming in the United States is Al Gore also does not help.

Democrats are worried, and they believe that global warming is occurring. The question is: Do they believe it enough to be willing to spend money/lose their jobs to combat it? Most place it low on the spectrum of concerns, beneath welfare and economic performance, but nowhere near as low as Republicans. They are, however, willing to wield global warming as a club to force companies to buy "green" lighting (like my local Wal-Mart) and blackmail corporations into purchasing carbon credits.

In other words, America is in a stalemate. People have their attention focused on other things.

An example of branching evolution is the divergence of mammals and reptiles from a common ancestor. Over time, these two groups evolved distinctive traits and characteristics, leading to the development of separate lineages with different evolutionary paths. This process of branching evolution resulted in the diverse array of species we see today.

Evolution does not occur as a response to the needs of the organism. It is not driven by individual organisms adapting to their environment, but by the process of natural selection acting on variations within a population over time.

Genetic divergence refers to the accumulation of genetic differences between populations as they evolve separately over time. It is the process by which new species arise from a common ancestor due to the accumulation of genetic changes that lead to reproductive isolation. Genetic divergence can result from various evolutionary mechanisms such as natural selection, genetic drift, and mutation.

darwin

Subpopulations refer to specific groups within a larger population that share particular characteristics or traits. These groups may have unique patterns of behavior, biological attributes, or environmental adaptations that distinguish them from the rest of the population. Studying subpopulations can provide insights into variations within a species and help in understanding their dynamics and conservation needs.

If species are said to have a common ancestor, it means they are believed to have descended from a single, shared ancestor species in the past. This indicates that despite differences observed in the species today, they share a genetic and evolutionary heritage that links them back to a common origin.

It tells you when the animal that made a fossil was alive.

Radio carbon dating proves scientifically the age of a given material. If a fossil is found embedded in material that is x number of years old and a similar fossil is found x number of years older or younger then we can surmise the evolution of that species. There are thousands of examples of theoretical evolution using this method.

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One factor that contributed to the slow pace of evolution over the 2 billion years of life on Earth was the limited genetic variation and the lack of mechanisms for rapid adaptation. Without mechanisms such as sexual reproduction or mutations, organisms were constrained by their existing genetic blueprints, which limited the speed at which significant evolutionary changes could occur.

The ability of organisms to change over time is called evolution. This process involves genetic variations that occur within a population, leading to changes in traits and adaptations over successive generations in response to environmental pressures.

Darwin' theory is that life changed or evolved through a process called natural selection. The theory is sometimes described as "survival of the fittest," but that can be misleading, Pobiner said. Here, "fitness" refers not to an organism's strength or athletic ability, but rather the ability to survive and reproduce.
Darwin also described a form of natural selection that depends on an organism's success at attracting a mate, a process known as sexual selection.
The colorful plumage of peacocks and the antlers of male deer are both examples of traits that evolved under this type of selection.
Darwin didn't know anything about genetics, Pobiner said. "He observed the pattern of evolution, but he didn’t really know about the mechanism."
That came later, with the discovery of how genes encode different biological or behavioral traits, and how genes are passed down from parents to offspring.
The incorporation of genetics and Darwin's theory is known as "modern evolutionary synthesis."

Humans evolved from monkeys rather than sharing a common ancestor with them.

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A limit of evolution that results in exaptations is the constraint of existing traits being repurposed for new functions. This occurs when an organism does not have the genetic variation necessary to evolve a completely new adaptation, but can utilize pre-existing features for a different purpose. This constraint arises from the trade-offs between different traits and the need to work with the genetic material already present in a population.

Mutation introduces variation in the genetic material of individuals within a population. This variation can result in different traits that may provide a survival advantage in a particular environment. Over time, individuals with beneficial mutations are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on these advantageous traits to their offspring, ultimately leading to evolutionary change in the population.

The term used for creating a new species is called speciation. Evolution is involved over the long run. Another term that is often thrown about is natural selection but that is just another way of saying evolution.

One mechanism that increases genetic diversity in a species is mutation, which introduces new genetic variations. Another mechanism is gene flow, which occurs when individuals from different populations interbreed, introducing new alleles into a population. Finally, genetic recombination during sexual reproduction can also increase genetic diversity by shuffling existing genetic material in different combinations.

Adaptive radiation is the process where a single ancestral species diversifies into multiple new species to exploit different ecological niches. This often occurs in response to environmental changes or the availability of new resources, leading to an increase in biodiversity within a relatively short period of time.

An organism's development refers to the process of growth and maturation from a single cell to a complete individual. Evolution, on the other hand, is the gradual change in genetic characteristics of a population over generations. Development is an individual process, while evolution occurs at a population level over time.

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Genes can be removed from the gene pool through natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow. Natural selection removes genes that are less advantageous for survival and reproduction over time. Genetic drift is the random change in gene frequency in a population due to chance events. Gene flow occurs when individuals migrate between populations and bring new genetic material, potentially diluting or replacing existing genes.