Fuel Cells

you have to defeat the sewer king then get into the sewer with the crowbar

Fuel cells and electrochemical cells both convert chemical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, but they differ in operation and design. Fuel cells continuously convert reactants (usually hydrogen and oxygen) from an external source, producing electricity as long as fuel is supplied. In contrast, electrochemical cells, such as batteries, store energy and release it through a one-time chemical reaction until the reactants are depleted. Additionally, fuel cells typically have higher efficiency and lower emissions compared to traditional batteries.

Yes, hydrogen fuel cells for cars work by converting hydrogen gas into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen, producing only water vapor as a byproduct. This electricity powers an electric motor, enabling the vehicle to operate. Hydrogen fuel cell cars offer advantages such as quick refueling times and longer ranges compared to battery electric vehicles, but they also face challenges like infrastructure development and hydrogen production methods. Overall, they represent a viable alternative in the quest for sustainable transportation.

Its byproduct is water.

Beyond their use of hydrogen to make power there are nothing but differences between the two. Fuel cells combine oxygen and hydrogen in a porous membrane to make electricity. Hydrogen fusion takes two hydrogen atoms and fuses them into a helium atom generating heat and several particles.

combustion of fuel needs O2 so hydrogen fuel cell's combustion formula is:

2 H2 + O2 --> 2 H2O

the product (waste) is water molecule

A key disadvantage of hydrogen fuel cells is the cost associated with hydrogen production, storage, and distribution. Currently, most hydrogen is produced from natural gas through a process that emits carbon dioxide, negating some of the environmental benefits. Additionally, the infrastructure for hydrogen refueling is limited compared to conventional fuel stations, making it less convenient for widespread adoption. Finally, hydrogen's low energy density by volume requires high-pressure storage, which can pose safety concerns.

They're trying to, but so far they're still too complicated and expensive for everything but very special applications.

A: All batteries will eventually fail when that occurs the voltage out of then can be zero or higher voltage when new, In that case the battery has failed but if you measure the output it will have a higher voltage because there is no load or open circuit as soon as the load is applied the voltage just disappear this condition is called open circuit voltage

The waste product of fuel cells is typically water and heat. When hydrogen is used as the fuel source, the only byproducts are water vapor and heat, making fuel cells a very clean and efficient energy source.

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More mass is converted to energy in a fusion reaction than in a chemical reaction, such as that found in a fuel cell. - APEX

A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device whiles a solar cell is a device that converts photons from the sun into electricity.

An average hydrogen fuel cell produces approximately 9 grams of water for every kilowatt-hour of electricity generated. This amount can vary based on the efficiency of the fuel cell and operating conditions. In practical applications, the water produced can either be released as vapor or collected for reuse, depending on the system design.

A fuel cell is different from a battery cell in so far as reactants are constantly supplied to a fuel cell making it an open system whereas a battery cell is a closed system that stores the reactants within it. A fuel cell works as long as fuel is supplied to it whereas a battery cell requires regular replacements.

Fuel conversion cells are made from platinum and convert the material going through the device into heat and electric power (about equally). The element used is often hydrogen.

Hydrogen comes from many places, but the practical commercially viable method in use is from stripping all other elements from natural gas. This means that the hydrogen used in most applications is a fossil fuel.

This does not mean it must be this way though. Hydrogen could be obtained through the chemical stripping of water into hydrogen and oxygen. This would make fuel cells non fossil fuel based.

Possibly. Hydrogen car cost more then hybrid cars. But as of today, those cars are possibly in development.

One of the biggest precautions that needs to be taken when you fix the water fuel cell in cars is to protect yourself against electrocution. This involves using the appropriate safety equipment, such as insulating shoes and gloves.

It doesn't.

A problem with fuel cell cars is that hydrogen is not readily available in pure form

Hydrogen fuel cells store hydrogen gas in high-pressure tanks made from durable materials, such as carbon fiber composites, to withstand the pressure. Alternatively, hydrogen can be stored in liquid form at extremely low temperatures or absorbed in metal hydrides or chemical compounds. These storage methods ensure safe and efficient transportation and usage of hydrogen as a fuel source.

Hydrogen fuel cells are used in various applications, including transportation, stationary power generation, and backup power systems. They power vehicles such as buses, trucks, and forklifts, offering a zero-emission alternative to conventional fuels. Additionally, fuel cells are employed in remote power generation and as backup power sources for critical infrastructure. Their versatility and environmental benefits make them a key technology in the transition to cleaner energy solutions.

As of 2023, the cost per kilowatt output of fuel cells typically ranges from $2,000 to $4,000, depending on the type of fuel cell and its application. This cost can vary significantly based on factors such as scale of production, technology advancements, and specific use cases. Ongoing research and development efforts aim to reduce these costs further, making fuel cells more competitive with other energy technologies.