Fuel Cells

A fuel cell is an electrochemical energy conversion device whiles a solar cell is a device that converts photons from the sun into electricity.

An average hydrogen fuel cell produces approximately 9 grams of water for every kilowatt-hour of electricity generated. This amount can vary based on the efficiency of the fuel cell and operating conditions. In practical applications, the water produced can either be released as vapor or collected for reuse, depending on the system design.

A fuel cell is different from a battery cell in so far as reactants are constantly supplied to a fuel cell making it an open system whereas a battery cell is a closed system that stores the reactants within it. A fuel cell works as long as fuel is supplied to it whereas a battery cell requires regular replacements.

Fuel conversion cells are made from platinum and convert the material going through the device into heat and electric power (about equally). The element used is often hydrogen.

Hydrogen comes from many places, but the practical commercially viable method in use is from stripping all other elements from natural gas. This means that the hydrogen used in most applications is a fossil fuel.

This does not mean it must be this way though. Hydrogen could be obtained through the chemical stripping of water into hydrogen and oxygen. This would make fuel cells non fossil fuel based.

Possibly. Hydrogen car cost more then hybrid cars. But as of today, those cars are possibly in development.

One of the biggest precautions that needs to be taken when you fix the water fuel cell in cars is to protect yourself against electrocution. This involves using the appropriate safety equipment, such as insulating shoes and gloves.

It doesn't.

A problem with fuel cell cars is that hydrogen is not readily available in pure form

Hydrogen fuel cells are used in various applications, including transportation, stationary power generation, and backup power systems. They power vehicles such as buses, trucks, and forklifts, offering a zero-emission alternative to conventional fuels. Additionally, fuel cells are employed in remote power generation and as backup power sources for critical infrastructure. Their versatility and environmental benefits make them a key technology in the transition to cleaner energy solutions.

Hydrogen fuel cells store hydrogen gas in high-pressure tanks made from durable materials, such as carbon fiber composites, to withstand the pressure. Alternatively, hydrogen can be stored in liquid form at extremely low temperatures or absorbed in metal hydrides or chemical compounds. These storage methods ensure safe and efficient transportation and usage of hydrogen as a fuel source.

As of 2023, the cost per kilowatt output of fuel cells typically ranges from $2,000 to $4,000, depending on the type of fuel cell and its application. This cost can vary significantly based on factors such as scale of production, technology advancements, and specific use cases. Ongoing research and development efforts aim to reduce these costs further, making fuel cells more competitive with other energy technologies.

One company commercially offers fuel cell power plants for about $3,000 per kilowatt.

A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy from a fuel, typically hydrogen, and an oxidant, usually oxygen, into electricity through a chemical reaction. Unlike batteries, which store energy, fuel cells generate electricity continuously as long as fuel is supplied. They are known for their high efficiency and low emissions, making them a promising technology for clean energy applications. Fuel cells are used in various applications, including vehicles, stationary power generation, and portable power devices.

diasadvantages... low efficiency

cant learn every individual move of the system but i know what the fuel cell will be good for

00.89%

A car that runs on fuel cells only has a similar overall efficiency to a car that runs on petrol because a car that runs on fuel cells is designed to not pollute the Earth but you need renewable energy resources to generate the electricity which is like the efficiency of the petrol pollution.

That was what I put on my homework anywayz. :)

• In Nelson's cell, an aqueous solution of concentrated NaCl is used for the industrial production of NaOH, while in Down's cell fused or molten NaCl is used for obtaining sodium metal
• In Nelson's cell, three main chemicals are obtained as products that are Hydrogen gas, Chlorine gas and NaOH whereas in down's cell chlorine gas and sodium metal is produced as a product.
• In Down's cell, graphite is used as anode and iron is used as cathode. But, in Nelson's cell perforated steels is made cathode and grapite as anode.

hydrogen

I expect you are thinking of hydrogen. It's not that we don't have plenty of ways to make it, indeed we do that, in vast quantities, to manufacture fertilizers, margarine etc. The problem is that we make it from natural gas, a fossil fuel, and there's no point to the fuel cell if it doesn't replace fossil fuel use. We can also make hydrogen by electrolysis, but that requires electricity, and therefore a way of making electricity, so doing that without burning fossil fuels becomes the issue.

The cost of a fuel cell car typically ranges from $50,000 to $70,000, depending on the make and model. Some models may be eligible for government incentives or rebates that can help reduce the purchase price. As the technology develops and production scales up, prices may decrease over time. However, upfront costs remain relatively high compared to traditional gasoline vehicles.

A fuel cell works exactly the same way a battery works. Unlike a battery, the hydrogen comes from a tank and is put into the cathode. Rather than dissolve the cathode as is done in a battery, new fuel is fed into the cathode. An electron is removed from the hydrogen atom at the cathode. it is then sent through a wire. The nucleus of the hydrogen atom becomes the positively charged particle and functions as the positively charged particle just like in a battery. And just like from a battery, the electron goes to a motor, a battery, or some other device. It comes back to the anode where it is added to an oxygen atom. The Oxygen atom gains two electrons and becomes a negatively charged ion. Then two hydrogen and one oxygen atoms join together in the center and become water. The procedure can be made warm enough so the water is given off as steam.

Hydrogen gas