Fuel Cells

One company commercially offers fuel cell power plants for about $3,000 per kilowatt.

A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy from a fuel, typically hydrogen, and an oxidant, usually oxygen, into electricity through a chemical reaction. Unlike batteries, which store energy, fuel cells generate electricity continuously as long as fuel is supplied. They are known for their high efficiency and low emissions, making them a promising technology for clean energy applications. Fuel cells are used in various applications, including vehicles, stationary power generation, and portable power devices.

diasadvantages... low efficiency

cant learn every individual move of the system but i know what the fuel cell will be good for

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A car that runs on fuel cells only has a similar overall efficiency to a car that runs on petrol because a car that runs on fuel cells is designed to not pollute the Earth but you need renewable energy resources to generate the electricity which is like the efficiency of the petrol pollution.

That was what I put on my homework anywayz. :)

• In Nelson's cell, an aqueous solution of concentrated NaCl is used for the industrial production of NaOH, while in Down's cell fused or molten NaCl is used for obtaining sodium metal
• In Nelson's cell, three main chemicals are obtained as products that are Hydrogen gas, Chlorine gas and NaOH whereas in down's cell chlorine gas and sodium metal is produced as a product.
• In Down's cell, graphite is used as anode and iron is used as cathode. But, in Nelson's cell perforated steels is made cathode and grapite as anode.

hydrogen

I expect you are thinking of hydrogen. It's not that we don't have plenty of ways to make it, indeed we do that, in vast quantities, to manufacture fertilizers, margarine etc. The problem is that we make it from natural gas, a fossil fuel, and there's no point to the fuel cell if it doesn't replace fossil fuel use. We can also make hydrogen by electrolysis, but that requires electricity, and therefore a way of making electricity, so doing that without burning fossil fuels becomes the issue.

The cost of a fuel cell car typically ranges from $50,000 to $70,000, depending on the make and model. Some models may be eligible for government incentives or rebates that can help reduce the purchase price. As the technology develops and production scales up, prices may decrease over time. However, upfront costs remain relatively high compared to traditional gasoline vehicles.

A fuel cell works exactly the same way a battery works. Unlike a battery, the hydrogen comes from a tank and is put into the cathode. Rather than dissolve the cathode as is done in a battery, new fuel is fed into the cathode. An electron is removed from the hydrogen atom at the cathode. it is then sent through a wire. The nucleus of the hydrogen atom becomes the positively charged particle and functions as the positively charged particle just like in a battery. And just like from a battery, the electron goes to a motor, a battery, or some other device. It comes back to the anode where it is added to an oxygen atom. The Oxygen atom gains two electrons and becomes a negatively charged ion. Then two hydrogen and one oxygen atoms join together in the center and become water. The procedure can be made warm enough so the water is given off as steam.

Hydrogen gas

the product in hydrogen cells is not a greenhouse gas

can also be:

The product in the fuel cell reaction is not a greenhouse gas - apex :)

ac

I am not able to give you a cost, as there are a number of fuel cell technologies, and it will be difficult to know which ones might ultimately become commercial. So far, fuel cells applications have required large government subsidies.

The "hydrogen car" is still apparently a long ways from becoming a reality- see related links.

Hydrogen fuel cells have been in use since the 19th century, with the first practical fuel cell developed by Sir William Grove in 1839. However, they gained significant attention and development during the 20th century, particularly in the 1960s for space applications. Since then, hydrogen fuel cells have been increasingly adopted for various uses, including transportation and stationary power generation, as interest in clean energy technologies has grown.

one problem with fuel cell cars is that if they run on solar energy then if theres no sun that day it won't have the power to reverse it into energy and run the car with the sun energy needed!

No not nuclear fission, it is a chemical reaction which reverses the splitting of water by an electric current into hydrogen and oxygen. In Fuel Cell these two gases are brought together in an electrolyte either side of a porous membrane and fuses the gases together to make dc electricity and a by product, pure water.

Robert Groves, a 19th century cleric was first to publish this curiosity. The efficiency was hugely improved by Francis Bacon in the UK in the 1950's. He got 6 Kilowatts from his 'Bacon Cell ' prototypes and Pratt and Whitney took his designs for further development. 'Bacon Cells' were installed in the Apollo missions and provided virtually all the electrical power on the ship since oxygen and hydrogen were routine gases for NASA engineers. The water generated in the cells was drunk by the crew, reducing the weight at lift off.

When Apollo 13 suffered an explosion of an oxygen tank supplying the fuel cells the catastrophic loss of electrical power explains the failure of the Moon mission.

NASA recognised his indispensible contribution to the Moon missions and sent him a certificate of gratitude following the Apollo 11 Moon landing in 1969.

water

because it is less cost when compared to the fuel cell.

the fuel cells convert hydrogen into energy using a converter and that energy is used to power the vehicle

Hydrogen gas

More energy is produced per reaction in a fusion reaction than in a fuel cell. -Apex

There are two problems with hydrogen fuel cells. One is that the cars that run off of hydrogen fuel cells are very expensive to make another thing is that hydrogen storage is not easy. The work and money it would take to put up hydrogen stations around the country for cars is too much to even consider it. Also another problem with hydrogen is te oil companies that don't wanna lose their business.

Oxygen diffuses through the cathode