Kannada

There are thirteen vowels (swaras):

ಅ ಆ ಇ ಈ ​​ಉ ಊ ಋ ಎ ಏ ಐ ಒ ಓ ಔ The Yogavaahaka's (part-vowel, part consonant) include two letters:

ಅಂ ಅಃ

The structured consonants are classified according to where the tongue touches the palate of the mouth and are classified accordingly into five structured groups.

ಕ (ka)ಖ (kha)ಗ (ga)ಘ (gha)ಙ (nga)ಚ (cha)ಛ (chha)ಜ (ja)ಝ (jha)ಞ (nya)

ಟ (tta)ಠ (ttha)ಡ (dda)ಢ (ddha)ಣ (nna)

ತ (ta)ಥ (tha)ದ (da)ಧ (dha)ನ (na)

ಪ (pa)ಫ (pha)ಬ (ba)ಭ (bha)ಮ (ma)

The unstructured consonants are consonants that do not fall into any of the above structures: ಯ (ya), ರ (ra), ಱ (ṟ) (obsolete), ಲ (la), ವ (va), ಶ (sha), ಷ (ssa), ಸ (sa), ಹ (ha), ಳ (lla), ೞ (ll) (obsolete). The decimal numerals in the script are: ೦ (0), ೧ (1), ೨ (2), ೩ (3), ೪ (4), ೫ (5), ೬ (6), ೭ (7), ೮ (8), ೯ (9).

Written Kannada is composed of kagunita, corresponding to syllables. The signs for consonants may combine with the signs for vowels to form ligatures. Each kagunita corresponds to a syllable. In the table below the top row lists the vowels, and the leftmost column from row 2 down the consonants (actually represented by kagunita, namely that obtained by combining each consonant with the "neutral" vowel 'a'). The remaining cells contain the corresponding kagunita obtained by combining the consonant of that row with the vowel of that column.

ಅಆಇಈಉಊಋಎಏಐಒಓಔಅಂಅಃ

*ಕಕಾಕಿಕೀಕುಕೂಕೃಕೆಕೇಕೈಕೊಕೋಕೌಕಂಕಃಕ್ಖಖಾಖಿಖೀಖುಖೂಖೃಖೆಖೇಖೈಖೊಖೋಖೌಖಂಖಃಖ್ಗಗಾಗಿಗೀಗುಗೂಗೃಗೆಗೇಗೈಗೊಗೋಗೌಗಂಗಃಗ್ಘಘಾಘಿಘೀಘುಘೂಘೃಘೆಘೇಘೈಘೊಘೋಘೌಘಂಘಃಘ್ಙಙಾಙಿಙೀಙುಙೂಙೃಙೆಙೇಙೈಙೊಙೋಙೌಙಂಙಃಙ್ಚಚಾಚಿಚೀಚುಚೂಚೃಚೆಚೇಚೈಚೊಚೋಚೌಚಂಚಃಚ್ಛಛಾಛಿಛೀಛುಛೂಛೃಛೆಛೇಛೈಛೊಛೋಛೌಛಂಛಃಛ್ಜಜಾಜಿಜೀಜುಜೂಜೃಜೆಜೇಜೈಜೊಜೋಜೌಜಂಜಃಜ್ಝಝಾಝಿಝೀಝುಝೂಝೃಝೆಝೇಝೈಝೊಝೋಝೌಝಂಝಃಝ್ಞಞಾಞಿಞೀಞುಞೂಞೃಞೆಞೇಞೈಞೊಞೋಞೌಞಂಞಃಞ್ಟಟಾಟಿಟೀಟುಟೂಟೃಟೆಟೇಟೈಟೊಟೋಟೌಟಂಟಃಟ್ಠಠಾಠಿಠೀಠುಠೂಠೃಠೆಠೇಠೈಠೊಠೋಠೌಠಂಠಃಠ್ಡಡಾಡಿಡೀಡುಡೂಡೃಡೆಡೇಡೈಡೊಡೋಡೌಡಂಡಃಡ್ಢಢಾಢಿಢೀಢುಢೂಢೃಢೆಢೇಢೈಢೊಢೋಢೌಢಂಢಃಢ್ಣಣಾಣಿಣೀಣುಣೂಣೃಣೆಣೇಣೈಣೊಣೋಣೌಣಂಣಃಣ್ತತಾತಿತೀತುತೂತೃತೆತೇತೈತೊತೋತೌತಂತಃತ್ಥಥಾಥಿಥೀಥುಥೂಥೃಥೆಥೇಥೈಥೊಥೋಥೌಥಂಥಃಥ್ದದಾದಿದೀದುದೂದೃದೆದೇದೈದೊದೋದೌದಂದಃದ್ಧಧಾಧಿಧೀಧುಧೂಧೃಧೆಧೇಧೈಧೊಧೋಧೌಧಂಧಃಧ್ನನಾನಿನೀನುನೂನೃನೆನೇನೈನೊನೋನೌನಂನಃನ್ಪಪಾಪಿಪೀಪುಪೂಪೃಪೆಪೇಪೈಪೊಪೋಪೌಪಂಪಃಪ್ಫಫಾಫಿಫೀಫುಫೂಫೃಫೆಫೇಫೈಫೊಫೋಫೌಫಂಫಃಫ್ಬಬಾಬಿಬೀಬುಬೂಬೃಬೆಬೇಬೈಬೊಬೋಬೌಬಂಬಃಬ್ಭಭಾಭಿಭೀಭುಭೂಭೃಭೆಭೇಭೈಭೊಭೋಭೌಭಂಭಃಭ್ಮಮಾಮಿಮೀಮುಮೂಮೃಮೆಮೇಮೈಮೊಮೋಮೌಮಂಮಃಮ್ಯಯಾಯಿಯೀಯುಯೂಯೃಯೆಯೇಯೈಯೊಯೋಯೌಯಂಯಃಯ್ರರಾರಿರೀರುರೂರೃರೆರೇರೈರೊರೋರೌರಂರಃರ್ಱಱಾಱಿಱೀಱುಱೂಱೃಱೆಱೇಱೈಱೊಱೋಱೌಱಂಱಃಱ್ಲಲಾಲಿಲೀಲುಲೂಲೃಲೆಲೇಲೈಲೊಲೋಲೌಲಂಲಃಲ್ವವಾವಿವೀವುವೂವೃವೆವೇವೈವೊವೋವೌವಂವಃವ್ಶಶಾಶಿಶೀಶುಶೂಶೃಶೆಶೇಶೈಶೊಶೋಶೌಶಂಶಃಶ್ಷಷಾಷಿಷೀಷುಷೂಷೃಷೆಷೇಷೈಷೊಷೋಷೌಷಂಷಃಷ್ಸಸಾಸಿಸೀಸುಸೂಸೃಸೆಸೇಸೈಸೊಸೋಸೌಸಂಸಃಸ್ಹಹಾಹಿಹೀಹುಹೂಹೃಹೆಹೇಹೈಹೊಹೋಹೌಹಂಹಃಹ್ಳಳಾಳಿಳೀಳುಳೂಳೃಳೆಳೇಳೈಳೊಳೋಳೌಳಂಳಃಳ್ೞೞಾೞಿೞೀೞುೞೂೞೃೞೆೞೇೞೈೞೊೞೋೞೌೞಂೞಃ

* Last column - no vowel