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Nervous System
This category is for questions about the mechanical and chemical process of reactions to internal and external stimuli, ranging from the brain down to the spinal cord, and all nerves, cells and tissues in between.
3,047 Questions
What part of nervous system produces some behaviors on its own?
The autonomic nervous system produces behavior on its own.
Muscle hypertrophy is another way of saying and 'over-growth' of muscle tissue. Someone who works out with weights can become hypertrophic.
What is the effect of massage on the nervous system?
There is some controversy on this topic between the medical community and the massage practitioners. There is no empirical data that the flow of blood changes after a massage, but no studies have been conducted about the flow of blood during a massage. From a practical point of view, mechanical manipulation of tissue will affect the venous blood flow during circulatory massage, as in Swedish massage. This can actually be seen and felt during the therapy. The effects on the cardiovascular system has been generally agreed upon to be significant enough that clearance from a doctor is necessary under certain circumstances. The list is a long one and includes; hypertension, varicose veins, mitral valve prolapse, pacemakers, stents, atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, angina, Aortic aneurysm etc.
How do parts of the nervous system work together?
The nervous systems process information in three stages: sensory input, integration, and motor output to the effector cells. The central nervous system (CNS) integrates information, while the peripheral nervous system (PNS) transmit sensory and motor signals between the CNS and the rest of the body.
parkinson disease
What phyla of animals has no nervous system?
Removal of an immune system signaling protein prevents the development of a lupus-like condition in mice, researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and the National Institutes of Health have found.
If additional studies in other animal models and humans confirm that SLAM-associated protein (SAP) is a primary contributor to lupus, it may be an ideal target for the development of new drug treatments, scientists said.
"What's perhaps most exciting is that normal immune system functions were still largely intact in the experimental mice that lacked SAP," says Stanford Peng, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor of medicine in rheumatology and of pathology and immunology and lead investigator for the study. "Other immune system proteins are potential targets for new autoimmune disease treatments, but they all affect large portions of the immune system, making weakened immune function a potential side effect of any new drug. Targeting SAP for treatment may avoid that risk."
Scientists have used several animal models to study the immunological underpinnings of human lupus, a condition that afflicts approximately 1.5 million Americans with arthritis, prolonged fatigue, skin rashes, kidney damage, anemia and breathing pain.
In one of these models, exposing mice to a hydrocarbon oil known as pristane causes mice to develop a condition with many similarities to human lupus, including kidney disease and arthritis. But in the new study, available in the July 15 issue of the Journal of Experimental Medicine, a genetically modified line of mice continued to be fit even after pristane exposure. Created by National Institutes of Health researcher and coauthor Pamela L. Schwartzberg, the mice lack the SAP gene.
"The mice appear to be generally healthy," Peng says. "They have none of the lupus-like symptoms of the control group, and their immune systems generally respond to vaccinations like those of normal mice."
SAP, also known to scientists as SH2D1A, affects the activity of a number of surface molecules on immune system cells known as lymphocytes. Earlier research had shown that higher levels of SAP were present in animals with autoimmune conditions than in normal animals.
Instead of disabling whole groups of immune system cells, SAP's removal seems to disrupt communication between two different types of immune cells, T and B cells. Scientists have long known that T cells help B cells produce antibodies meticulously customized to destroy the last scattered remnants of a persistent invader. But they've had a hard time determining the details of how those interactions take place.
"We know a lot of molecules that are important to the activation of T and B cells, but we have never understood what was important for their interaction," Peng says. "SAP may give us an important first insight into how these interactions occur."
Peng and his colleagues plan to study how SAP removal or suppression affects other animal models of lupus, and to test if SAP is present at unusually high levels in human patients with lupus.
"Each of the animal models of lupus has slightly different clinical aspects to it, probably because they represent a slightly different facet of the human disease. It's therefore going to be very interesting to test if this is a finding that can apply to lupus generally or if it is limited to a subset of lupus," Peng says.
Based on how thoroughly SAP's removal appears to disrupt T and B cell interactions, which are essential to producing the pathogenic antibodies seen in lupus, Peng suspects the finding will be generally relevant.
Peng also wants to explore potential connections between SAP and other autoimmune diseases including allergies and myasthenia gravis.
"Like lupus, these other autoimmune conditions involve the immune system producing antibodies that are closely customized to attack targets they shouldn't be attacking," he explains. "So SAP may be a contributor to these conditions as well."
Hron JD, Caplan L, Gerth AJ, Schwartzberg PL, Peng SL. SH2D1A regulates T-dependent Humoral Autoimmunity. Journal of Experimental Medicine, July 15, 2004.
Funding from the Lupus Research Institute, the Arthritis Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, the Siteman Cancer Center, and the Diabetes Research and Training Center and the Digestive Diseases Research Core Center of the Washington University School of Medicine supported this research.
The full-time and volunteer faculty of Washington University School of Medicine are the physicians and surgeons of Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Children's hospitals. The School of Medicine is one of the leading medical research, teaching and patient care institutions in the nation, currently ranked second in the nation by U.S. News & World Report. Through its affiliations with Barnes-Jewish and St. Louis Children's hospitals, the School of Medicine is linked to BJC HealthCare.
Is chewing invovled in autonomic or voluntary?
They are used when we want to eat or talk, so are voluntary.
Do rods detect color in eye receptors?
Rods are used to detect variances in light and are perceived as black, grey and white. Cones are used to pick up colors.
What are the derisable habits that will help prevent ailments of nervous system?
what are the derisable habits that will help prevent ailments of nervous system
Nerve cells are part of the nervous system in your body. The main role of a nerve cell is to pass information through the cells to other cells in your body to perform a function. For example, a nerve cell may transmit an electrical signal from one nerve to another in your body, and send it to the brain.
How does nervous system protects you?
If you put your hand on a burning stove, it sends a pain message to your brain. You feel it, so you know to pull your hand back so that you don't receive bigger damage to your hand. It is like a part of your body sending a 911 call to the brain. The brain then tells you what to do.
What is a condition that involves the seventh cranial nerve?
The seventh cranial nerve or facial nerve controls voluntary facial movements (motor function) so you can check it through wrinkling the eyebrows or frowning, smiling or showing your teeth, puffing your cheeks, and moving your lips. Check for any abnormalities or asymmetry. Facial nerve has also sensory function as it receives taste sensation to anterior 2/3 of the tongue. This can be tested by swab with different taste and the patient will determine what it is.
What is a part of the nervous system not under voluntary control?
each and every part of body is controlled by the nervous system.
Which cranial nerve releases nuerotransmitter that can decrease the pulse and force of contraction?
it is the vegus nerve.
What is the Nervous system relationship to immune?
The nervous system and the immune system effect each other because the immune system detects the virus or bacteria. Sends the signal to the nervous system which reacts in the designated way to the virus.
What is the basic unit of the nervous system that facilitates nerve impulses through the body?
Neuron
Why would a lack of neurotransmitters cause problems?
neurotransmitters send signals from neuron to neuron
What are the two distinct branches in the nervous system?
The central nervous system (composed of the brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (composed of the rest).
The parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) is one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The ANS is responsible for regulation of internal organs and glands, which occurs without conscious effort. The parasympathetic system includes the normal regulation of bodily functions, while the sympathetic system is concerned more with rapid reflexive and instinctive reactions.
Who Activates the sympathetic nervous system?
epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulate the sympathetic nervous system
