Rain and Flooding

As an educator with expertise in various subjects, I must clarify that predicting weather conditions like rain involves meteorological data analysis and forecasting models. Weather forecasts are based on atmospheric conditions, historical patterns, and computer simulations. To determine if it will rain tomorrow, one should consult a reliable weather forecasting service or meteorologist for the most accurate and up-to-date information.

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Yes and no, provided the pressure is kept constant, what appears to be more pressure is actually more volume. it appears to be more pressure, but it is an optical illusion, put a pressure gauge and be amazed.

effect on building by flood

Jellyfish fell from the sky in Bath, England, in 1894.

A rainbow is formed when sunlight is refracted, or bent, by water droplets in the air, and then reflected inside the droplets before being refracted again as it exits. So, you need sunlight and water droplets in the air to create a rainbow.

Going through a prism, light is decomposed into every color in it.

The sunlight shining through the droplets of moisture in the Earth's atmosphere make the spectrum of light appear in a semi-circular form.

Keep in mind that the colors you can see is only the colors that can be seen by the human eye - infra-red and infra violet will be present in a rainbow but will not be visible to us.

Naturally occurring clouds are composed mostly of water in its liquid or solid state. Firstly we need a sufficient quantity of water vapour to transform into the liquid or solid states. The water vapour content of the atmosphere varies from almost 0% to about 4%, depending on the moisture on the surface beneath and the temperature of the air. Second we need a small amount of fine dust. This is needed for condensation nuclei, upon which water vapour is able to condense or deposit as a liquid or a solid. Certain Particles, such as sea salts and clay, make very good condensation nuclei. When there is sufficient water vapour in the air along with the required dust particles it must be cooled to a temp where droplets or ice can form on the particles. At this point clouds are formed Air moving vertically (up or down) is Very important in the weather processes, especially where clouds and rain are concerned. Ascending air currents take us up into the areas of the atmosphere where Precipitation is more likely to be initiated. Descending currents reverse the process until only water vapour and dust makes up the air mass. Whatever the cause, when air rises it's pressure has to change to match surrounding air, Air pressure goes down as it goes up, which causes it to expands. And as it expands, it cools. The higher it rises the cooler it becomes. As air cools, its relative humidity increases, (Humidification) .the water vapour content in the air has remained the same, however the ability of the air to hold water vapour (The saturation threshold) has decreased at it was cooled. As a result of decreasing the saturation threshold, relative humidity increases. Cooling is the effective method for increasing relative humidity but it is not the only one. Adding water vapour through evaporation or mixing with a more humid air mass is another. To form clouds humidification may eventually bring the air in a given area to saturation. (i.e.) relative humidity reaches 100 percent. Usually a little more humidification is required taking the relative humidity to over 100 percent, this is known as the state of supersaturation needed to form cloud. When air becomes supersaturated, the water vapour in it looks for ways to condense out. If the quantity and composition of the dust content is ideal, condensation may begin at a relative humidity of below 100 percent. If the air is very clean, it may take high levels of supersaturation to produce cloud droplets. But typically condensation begins at relative humidity a few tenths of a percent above saturation. Condensation of water onto nuclei (or deposition of water vapour as ice on freezing nuclei) begins at an altitude known as the cloud base (or lifting condensation level). Water molecules attach dust particles to form cloud droplets which have are about 20 micrometres (0.02 mm) or less in size. The droplet volume is usually a million times greater than the typical condensation nuclei. Clouds are made up of large numbers of cloud droplets, ice crystals, or both. As a result of their small size and relatively high air resistance, they are able to remain suspended in the air for long periods of time, especially if they stay in rising air currents. The average cloud droplet has a terminal fall velocity of 1.3 cm per second in still air. When rain falls, drops of rain are more than one millimetre in size. A raindrop with a diameter 2 mm has the equivalent of a million cloud droplets in of (0.02 mm diameter). Therefore to get rain from a cloud more has to happen within it to that form droplets heavy enough and big enough to fall to the ground. Increased cloud water content is required before we can expect any rain This means the cloud has to continue to rise. Water vapour has a property of releasing heat when changing to liquid and also to solid states, (latent heats of condensation and of deposition), respectively. When this heat is released the surrounding air is warmed, causing the surrounding air to rise. We can see this in the formation of cumulus clouds growing vertically. At this point condensation continues however the coalescence of the cloud droplets causing them to increase in size until they become viable raindrops is a much faster process. This process is further aided by strong updrafts and turbulence forcing droplets to collide and grow more rapidly. The best conditions for droplet growth are when ice crystals are present in a cloud. Under prime conditions a droplet may reach -40 oC (or oF) before it freezes. So there are areas in a cloud were ice crystals and water droplets co-exist. If ice crystals and supercooled droplets are near each other, a movement of water molecules from the droplet to the crystals occurs. As a result the ice crystal gets bigger and the water droplet reduces in size. As crystal grows at temperatures of around -10 oC (14 oF), it begins to develop arms and branches, resulting in the formation of snow. These crystals besides being very efficient at growing at the expense of water droplets also stick to each other forming snowflakes. At last water ice or snow has built up in sufficiently large quantities to be able to fall back to earth.

The scientific process is a continuous cycle because it involves people learning things and then sharing them. The people with whom they share then learn more, and they share their knowledge, in a continuous cycle of learning and sharing.

Approximately 90% of the water that evaporates from the Earth's surface falls back as precipitation, including rain, snow, sleet, or hail. The remaining 10% is transferred through evapotranspiration and does not return directly as precipitation.

Orographic rainfall is when a parcel of air containing water vapor gets to a mountain, it is then forced upwards (the mountain blocking its way).

As the parcel of air is forced upwards, it expands (adiabatic expansion) and also cools. As it cools, it becomes saturated because the amount of water it can hold decreases, so the water vapor begins to condense and finally falls as rain.

Instruments used to measure weather include thermometers for temperature, barometers for air pressure, anemometers for wind speed, hygrometers for humidity, and rain gauges for precipitation. Additional instruments such as weather balloons and satellites are also used to gather data on various weather conditions.

The subarctic region receives an average annual rainfall of about 10-20 inches (250-500 mm) per year. This relatively low precipitation amount is due to the cold temperatures limiting the amount of evaporation and moisture in the air.

No, clouds in the ionosphere do not cause rain. The ionosphere is a region in the Earth's atmosphere where particles are ionized by solar radiation, and it's located much higher than where clouds form in the troposphere. Rain is produced when water droplets in clouds grow large enough to fall to the ground due to gravity.

The sun's heat causes water on Earth's surface to evaporate and rise into the atmosphere. As the water vapor cools and condenses, it forms clouds. When the water droplets in the clouds become too heavy, gravity pulls them down as rain. So, the sun's energy drives the water cycle, which includes the formation of rain.

Tamil Nadu receives less rainfall during the monsoon due to its location on the eastern side of the Western Ghats mountain range, which acts as a barrier to the moist air coming from the Arabian Sea. The rain-bearing winds lose their moisture while crossing the Western Ghats, resulting in reduced rainfall in Tamil Nadu during the monsoon season.

Yes, cirrus clouds are composed of ice crystals. These high-altitude clouds form when water vapor in the atmosphere freezes into ice particles due to low temperatures. They appear thin and wispy, often creating a halo effect around the sun or moon.

It is Sleet.

Hail is when water droplets condense out of the cloud and are carried upwards in a draught to a colder refion, whereupon the water droplets freeze into ice. and fall to Earth as hail.

Boscastle is located on the north coast of Cornwall, England. So, it is primarily in the north direction.

Yes and no. Liquifaction usually only happens when land is in a low lying area which is either susceptible to flooding or used to be a swamp etc. This means the water level under the ground is quite near the surface. Therefore in an earthquake the ground shaking - sort of shakes up the water to the surface and it spills out overland. You can do the same thing with a bowl of thick mud. if you bang and shake the bowl the water in the mud will come to the surface - liquifaction. After a while it will sink back into the ground, but the drying out causes land to sink and rise.

Hail falls from the sky when supercooled water droplets in a thunderstorm freeze into ice pellets due to updrafts carrying them to colder altitudes. These ice pellets grow as they collide with other droplets and fall to the ground when they become too heavy for the updraft to support.

No, the sky will not fall down. The sky is the Earth's atmosphere that surrounds us, and it is held in place by the force of gravity.

Frontal rainfall is common in the subpolar low pressure belts because they are regions where warm air masses from the tropics meet cold air masses from the polar regions. As the warm air rises over the denser cold air, it cools and condenses, leading to the formation of clouds and precipitation. This collision of air masses at the boundaries of the subpolar low pressure belts creates the ideal conditions for frontal rainfall.

When water evaporates from the Earth's surface due to heat energy from the sun, it rises into the atmosphere as water vapor. This water vapor eventually cools and condenses to form clouds, which can then lead to precipitation, such as rain.

All of the common clouds are a type of aerosol. Aerosol is a suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in a gas. That is where aerosol spray cans get their name. They produce an aerosol mist when their contents are released into the air. Obviously aerosol spray cans are not the source of all clouds and precipitation. They just produce a small cloud where they are used. When the material within an aerosol coalesces and becomes too heavy to stay in suspension, it precipitates out of the cloud.

While most clouds, those made of solids or liquids, are aerosols, there are other types of clouds. Gas clouds are a high concentration of one type of gas within another gas or a vacuum. Some galaxies appear to be gas clouds. Plasma clouds share a similar definition. Lighting is a natural example of a plasma cloud.