Research Methodology

Qualitative methods focus on exploring phenomena in-depth and are not structured to systematically test hypotheses. They primarily aim to gain insights, understand experiences, and generate theories rather than test specific hypotheses with statistical rigor. Quantitative methods are better suited for hypothesis testing as they involve data collection and analysis that allow for hypothesis validation or rejection.

Yes, eye color is a type of qualitative data because it describes a characteristic that can be categorized into distinct groups based on color (e.g., blue, green, brown). Qualitative data is non-numeric and consists of attributes or labels.

Research methodology is important because it guides the researcher in conducting a systematic investigation, ensuring data validity and reliability. It helps in designing research studies, collecting relevant data, analyzing findings, and drawing meaningful conclusions. A solid research methodology is crucial for producing credible results that can be used to advance knowledge in a specific field.

A case-control study is qualitative. This is because this kind of study is an observational study, meaning that it involves observing how groups differ in their behavior. The word qualitative measures the quality of something rather than the quantity (qualitative), meaning that a qualitative study measures their data through characteristics rather than numbers.

The type of research method that focuses on the relationship between physiological processes and behavior is called psychophysiology. This field examines how biological processes in the body, such as brain activity, hormone levels, and nervous system function, influence psychological states and behavior.

Yes, qualitative approaches based on small groups offer several advantages. They can provide in-depth insights into individual experiences, allow for rich data collection through open-ended discussions, and facilitate greater participant engagement and collaboration. Additionally, small group settings often foster a sense of community and trust among participants, leading to more honest and nuanced responses.

Using a quantitative sampling method in a qualitative study could result in a lack of in-depth understanding of participants' experiences and perspectives. On the other hand, using a qualitative sampling method in a quantitative study could introduce bias and limit the generalizability of the findings.

Qualitative methods of forecasting include expert judgment, Delphi technique, market research, historical analogy, and scenario analysis. These methods rely on subjective inputs and qualitative data to predict future trends or outcomes.

Two widely used research methods in psychology are experiments, which involve manipulating variables to observe their effects on behavior, and surveys, which involve collecting self-reported data from participants to analyze relationships between variables.

Observational research allows for the study of natural behavior in real-life settings, providing high external validity. It can generate rich, detailed data that can lead to meaningful insights and hypotheses for further research. Additionally, observational methods are often cost-effective and can be less prone to participant biases compared to self-report measures.

Strengths of psychological research methods include the ability to gather empirical data to support theories, establish cause-and-effect relationships, and provide insights into human behavior. However, weaknesses can include issues with generalizability, ethical concerns, and the potential for bias in data collection and interpretation.

Experimental research is the best method for determining cause and effect relationships. In an experimental design, researchers manipulate an independent variable to observe its effect on a dependent variable while controlling for other factors. This method allows for greater control over extraneous variables and allows for causal relationships to be established.

Quantitative

Survey method involves questioning a group of people to gather information on a particular topic or issue. Participants are usually asked to answer a set of standardized questions to collect data for analysis.

Jean Piaget used a method called clinical interviews to study child development. He would engage children in conversations and observations to understand how they formed their knowledge and conceptual understandings. This method provided insights into the development of cognitive processes in children.

Investigators use laboratory experiments to exercise maximum control over the factors they are interested in. This method allows researchers to manipulate variables directly to study their effects in a controlled environment.

Experimental research methods, such as randomized controlled trials, are typically used to determine causality. These methods involve manipulating an independent variable and observing its effect on a dependent variable in a controlled environment. By randomly assigning participants to different conditions, researchers can establish a cause-and-effect relationship between variables.

One of the most important techniques in qualitative analysis is thematic analysis, which involves identifying patterns and themes in the data to reveal underlying meanings or concepts. This method helps researchers organize and make sense of large amounts of qualitative data in a systematic way.

One type of descriptive research method is a survey, which involves collecting information from a sample of individuals using questionnaires or interviews. Another type is observational research, where researchers directly observe and record behavior of interest in its natural setting.

it is one of the 9 basic method in research

Quantitative research methods, such as surveys or experiments, are often considered more objective because they involve collecting numerical data that can be analyzed statistically. This allows for more precise measurement and analysis of variables, reducing the potential for bias or subjectivity in interpretation.

There are two main types of focus group discussions in research methods: 1) Traditional focus groups, which involve a moderator guiding a group discussion among participants, and 2) Mini focus groups, which are smaller and more focused discussions that allow for more in-depth exploration of specific topics.

Qualitative utilitarianism is a variant of utilitarianism that emphasizes the quality of happiness or well-being generated by actions, rather than focusing solely on the quantity of happiness. It considers factors such as the intensity, duration, and kind of pleasure or pain experienced by individuals when evaluating the moral worth of an action.

Methodology is essential in research to ensure that the study is conducted in a systematic and organized manner. It provides a clear framework for collecting and analyzing data, helping to maintain the validity and reliability of the findings. A well-defined methodology also allows for the study to be replicated by other researchers.

Yes, qualitative research is subjective to some extent because it involves interpreting and understanding human experiences and feelings. Researchers may have different interpretations of the data based on their own perspectives and biases. However, measures can be taken to increase the reliability and validity of qualitative findings.