Space Shuttle

It takes a space shuttle about 8 to 9 minutes to reach outer space once it launches from Earth. This is typically when the shuttle reaches an altitude of about 100 kilometers (62 miles) above the Earth's surface.

The space shuttle was not only huge, but a marvel to all those who witnessed it.

President Ronald Reagan was in office during the Space Shuttle Challenger tragedy on January 28, 1986. The explosion resulted in the loss of seven astronauts, including Christa McAuliffe, who was a civilian teacher selected to be the first private citizen in space.

The space shuttle challenger exploded January 28th, 1986 during departure due to faulty O rings. Not only is it believed that the rings were faulty but also the temperature outside was so cold that the O rings couldn't expand properly to form the seal they are designed to create.

a working space lab.

The space shuttle typically reached an altitude of about 350 miles (560 kilometers) above Earth during its missions. This allowed it to reach low Earth orbit to perform tasks like deploying satellites, conducting experiments, and visiting the International Space Station.

The external tank is jettisoned from the Orbiter less than a minute after main engine cut off (MECO which occurs about eight minutes after launch). The tank does not enter or leave Earth orbit. It is maneuvered such that it's trajectory will take it to an unoccupied area of either the Pacific or Indian Oceans (depending upon the launch profile). The tank is made to roll end over end as it descends so that it increases the atmospheric friction and causes it to disintegrate prior to making contact with the ocean. Nasa does warn inhabitants in the affected areas in case some debris does reach the Earth's surface.

Because if it took off horizontally, it would continue to circle the earth, hitting all those people in the boats that are watching the take-off, then continue until it came to a land mass and possibly strike buildings, vehicles, people...until it exploded into a fireball of great magnitude. So, to avoid this, NASA decided to have the shuttles take off vertically.

< It takes off vertically to reach less dense air ( less drag and aerodynamic heating ), and then begins a pitch maneuver to increase its tangential ( to the Earth) velocity; which eventually leads to a continuous orbit about the Earth. This procedure reduces the necessary on board mass of propellant on the spacecraft. The shuttle is essentially in free fall around the Earth ( imagine a cannon being fired at such a speed that it as it falls, the curvature of the Earth decreases in a proportional manner).>

When rockets are dropped from the shuttle, they usually continue on a preplanned trajectory to safely impact the ocean. This controlled disposal ensures that the rockets do not pose a risk to people or property on the ground.

nasa: never a straight answer, is building other Leo stations for other black projects we may find out about in the next fifty years maybe.

A space shuttle typically uses around 400,000 gallons of liquid hydrogen and 143,000 gallons of liquid oxygen for fuel during launch.

One of the most famous pieces of equipment launched from a space shuttle was the Hubble Space Telescope in 1990. This iconic telescope has provided groundbreaking observations of the universe, transforming our understanding of space. The International Space Station (ISS) was also assembled using components launched from the space shuttle, making it another significant piece of equipment launched during the shuttle era.

The shuttle rocket needs to accelerate to about 17,500 miles per hour (28,000 kilometers per hour) to reach low Earth orbit. This acceleration allows the rocket to overcome Earth's gravity and achieve the necessary speed to enter space. The acceleration rate can vary depending on the rocket design and mission requirements.

The Space Shuttle were massively complex pieces of machinery, utilizing literally thousands of mechanical parts that had to work flawlessly in order for a launch to occur.

The Shuttles used 2 primary means of propulsion and boosting to achieve orbit:

1. External combined Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) / Liquid Oxygen (LOX) tank (orange/rust colored external tank the Shuttle was mounted on)

2. Solid Rocket Boosters (SRB's)

The LOX and LH2 fuel in the external tank was used by the Shuttle's main engines; the SRB's used solid rocket fuel, and were reusable once the fuel was expended. The SRB's were used because there isn't enough thrust from the Shuttle's main engines alone to achieve Earth orbit.

During the initial launch phase, at T minus 9 minutes into the countdown, a hold was placed on the countdown, and the Shuttle launch sequence was turned over to the Ground Launch Sequencer (GLS) software program at Kennedy Space Center. Upon resuming the countdown, the GLS system was responsible for monitoring critical launch systems for any failure (real or not), or parameters that are outside of established limits, interrupting the launch sequence if any parameter isn't met. At T minus 31 seconds, launch control is switched from the GLS system to the Shuttle's onboard main computers, which is then responsible for detecting any problems and stopping the count if necessary.

A few seconds prior to engine ignition, fuel vapor burn-off igniters under the engine nozzles would spark to burn off any hydrogen or oxygen vapors that might have accumulated under the engine nozzles. This was done to prevent explosive damage to the engine nozzles upon engine start, which would occur if there were any vapors present.

A few seconds prior to liftoff, the main engines and SRB's are ignited; when they reach full thrust, explosive charges blow the spacecraft's hold-down clamps free, letting the Shuttle loose for ascension.

Once the solid rocket fuel in the SRB's is expended, they are blown clear of the Shuttle, and descend to the ocean using parachutes. They are then picked up by special recovery ships, and brought back to KSC for shipment back to be refurbished and refueled.

The main engines continue to burn after the SRB's are released until the Shuttle achieves orbital altitude and speed. At that point, the external tank is blown clear, and it descends into the atmosphere, where it eventually burns up over the ocean.

The interior of a space shuttle consists of various sections, including the flight deck where astronauts pilot the shuttle, the mid-deck where crew can eat and sleep, and the payload bay where experiments and satellites are stored. The space shuttle is a complex spacecraft with multiple compartments designed to accommodate astronauts and carry out missions in space.

It was launched on October 18,1989 and arrived December 7, 1995. It was sent to Jupiter to explore the planet and to study it's moons. It had an anttena problem but despite that it was the first do discover an asteroid moon and the first to be in Jupiter's atmosphere.

The ISS and shuttle programs were designed as a stepping stone to interplanetary travel. The programs test the ability of humans to endure long periods of exposure to living in space and conduct experiments on long term affects of space travel. Space travel to other planets would be best initiated outside the earths atmosphere and the Space Shuttle, as the name implies is the vehicle designed to transcend earth's atmosphere with equipment, supplies and astronauts.

1. a roof made of thinly-layered sheets of metal= Heat resistance 2. a mechanical arm= Grab stuff

3. a tiny rocket on the front= move backwards

4. the ability to take off like a rocket and land like an airplane= reusable (cheaper for the government)

A space shuttle serves the function of transporting astronauts and cargo to and from space, deploying and repairing satellites, conducting scientific research in space, and serving as a platform for space experiments. It also helps in the construction and maintenance of space stations.

Atmosphere affects any craft that goes into outer space. On the way out, the shuttle must be able to overcome the friction from the air and on the way back, it must be insulated against the heat.

The exterior of a space shuttle in orbit can experience extreme temperatures that range from about -250°F in the shade to over 250°F in the sun. This is due to the vacuum of space and the unfiltered exposure to the intense solar radiation. As a result, the shuttle's thermal protection system is critical for managing these temperature differentials and keeping the internal systems safe.

Kennedy Space Center is famous for being the launch site for many of NASA's human spaceflight missions, including the Apollo moon landings, Space Shuttle program, and current missions to the International Space Station. It is also a center for space exploration research, spacecraft assembly, and technology development.

The lowest because it starts from the bottom to the top

The first rocket to launch into space was the V-2 rocket, developed by Nazi Germany during World War II. The V-2 crossed the boundary between Earth's atmosphere and space on June 20, 1944. It laid the foundation for future space exploration.

The temperature outside the space shuttle when it orbits Earth varies significantly depending on whether it is facing the Sun or in the shadow of Earth. In sunlight, temperatures can exceed 250 degrees Fahrenheit, while in shadow they can drop below -250 degrees Fahrenheit. The space shuttle's thermal protection system helps to regulate the internal temperature within a safe range.