Spinal Cord

The nerves that are not part of the brain and spinal cord are collectively referred to as the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This system includes all the cranial and spinal nerves that extend throughout the body, facilitating communication between the central nervous system and the rest of the body. The PNS is further divided into the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

Neurons

The thick cord that runs down the vertebrae is called the spinal cord. It is a vital part of the central nervous system, extending from the brainstem to the lower back, and is protected by the vertebral column. The spinal cord transmits signals between the brain and the rest of the body and is responsible for reflex actions.

A spinal tap, or lumbar puncture, is performed for several reasons, including diagnosing conditions such as meningitis, multiple sclerosis, and certain cancers. It can also be used to measure cerebrospinal fluid pressure or to deliver medications directly into the spinal canal. Additionally, it may help to analyze infections or inflammatory diseases affecting the central nervous system.

Yes, titanium rods and screws used in spinal fusion surgeries can have value, primarily due to the materials used and their application in medical procedures. However, their resale value is often limited because they are typically considered medical waste after surgery and are subject to strict regulations regarding disposal. Additionally, they are custom-fitted to individual patients, which limits their reuse. Overall, while they might hold some scrap metal value, their worth in a medical or resale context is minimal.

Motor neurons play a crucial role in the reflex arc by transmitting signals from the spinal cord to the muscles. When a sensory neuron detects a stimulus, it sends a signal to the spinal cord, where interneurons process the information and activate the motor neurons. This leads to an immediate response, such as muscle contraction, allowing for a quick reaction to stimuli without the need for conscious thought. Thus, motor neurons are essential for executing the reflex action in response to external stimuli.

The nervous tissue that lines the cavities of the brain and spinal cord is formed by ependymal cells. These ciliated cells are part of the neuroglia and play a crucial role in producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) within the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. The movement of CSF helps to cushion the brain, remove waste, and distribute nutrients.

Glycine

The ventral root of the spinal cord primarily controls motor functions rather than sensations. It carries efferent motor neurons that transmit signals from the central nervous system to the muscles, facilitating voluntary and reflexive movements. Sensory information is transmitted through the dorsal root, which carries afferent neurons to the spinal cord. Thus, the ventral root is primarily involved in controlling muscle contractions and movement.

Between the vertebrae in the human spinal column are intervertebral discs, which act as shock absorbers and provide cushioning for the spine. These discs consist of a tough outer layer called the annulus fibrosus and a gel-like center known as the nucleus pulposus. They allow for flexibility and movement of the spine while also helping to maintain proper alignment. Additionally, the discs play a crucial role in protecting the spinal cord and nerves that run through the vertebral column.

Nerve roots exit the spinal cord, and form peripheral nerves to different areas of the body. If i understand what your trying to ask the answer is a dorasal ramus (pl rami)

A medical procedure wherein a needle is inserted into the back to withdraw some spinal fluid usually to test for infection or tumor or high pressure. Often done when suspicious of meningitis in a patient with stiff neck and fever.

Perhaps it is for protection, since an injury of the thoracolumbar area could cause death, but since the nerve arises from the cervical area and enters the thorax and then goes to the diaphragm, it stands a lesser chance of being injured.

Damage to the spinal nerve roots can lead to pain, numbness, weakness, and paresthesia (abnormal sensations in the absence of stimuli) in the limbs or trunk.

About the size of a marble!

A laminotomy is an orthopaedic neurosurgical procedure relating basically to the spine and spinal cord.