The Red Scare

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J. Edgar Hoover was the strong anti-Communist director of the FBI during the Red Scare.

The Red Scare and McCarthyism were primarily fueled by fears of communist infiltration during the Cold War, particularly following World War II. The Soviet Union's expansion, the success of the communist revolution in China, and the onset of the Korean War heightened anxieties about domestic subversion. Senator Joseph McCarthy capitalized on these fears by alleging that numerous government officials and citizens were communists or communist sympathizers, leading to a widespread culture of suspicion and persecution. This era was characterized by aggressive investigations and accusations without substantial evidence, resulting in significant social and political consequences.

During the Red Scare, particularly the first one in the early 1920s, the most notable figure arrested was anarchist and socialist leader Emma Goldman. She, along with many others, was targeted during the Palmer Raids, which aimed to suppress radical political movements. Thousands of immigrants, labor activists, and leftists were also arrested, but Goldman remains one of the most prominent examples of the crackdown on perceived subversion. The second Red Scare in the late 1940s and 1950s saw numerous individuals, including government officials and Hollywood figures, face accusations and arrests related to alleged communist affiliations.

The Red Scare led to McCarthyism where ordinary citizens could be blacklisted, or prevented from getting a job, if they were suspected of being a communist.

Alben Barkley

The American Communist Party, with over 700,000 members in 1919, posed a direct threat to the stability of American society.

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mostly people got bored with it and wanted to get back to "ordinary" life.

Certain distant factors came together including the Berlin Blockade, the Chinese Civil War, the Korean War, admissions of officials about spying for the Soviet Union and the birth of McCarthyism which reached into the arts and literature of the time with a vengeance.

The Second Red Scare happened because one of Mcarthy's friends was drafted into the war and Mcarthy said that the military should gie his friend special treatment but the military said no so Mcarthy decided to try and blackmail the military claiming that there were Communists in the military and he launched an investigation and found nothing.

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People were afraid that communism would spread within the United States. The colorful term (red) is typically the color of communism; therefore, the term Red Scare was used. There are several periods of Red Scare in U.S. history dating back to the early 20th century when Russia became the first communist nation.

it occured because of paranoia between communist and supervisors

A. Mitchell Palmer was the U.S. Attorney General during the early 1920s and a key figure in the Red Scare, a period of heightened fear of communism and radical leftism following World War I. He led a series of aggressive actions known as the Palmer Raids, which targeted suspected radicals, anarchists, and communists, resulting in thousands of arrests and deportations without substantial evidence. Palmer's actions reflected the national anxiety about political extremism, but they also sparked criticism for violating civil liberties and due process. Ultimately, the Red Scare waned, and Palmer's reputation suffered due to the overreach of his campaign.

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McCarthy would accuse members of the Senate to be Communists. He would make these accusations on the Senate floor, holding up papers (they were in fact random pieces of paper) that "proved" his accusations. He never had any proof, and he only did this to steal other people's ranks. Nobody questioned him, though, because doing so would "make them a Communist."