Note: I have not solved all of the puzzles, but I only need to figure out 4 more. Also, I did not put the technology levels you need for these, I can't remember them all. I'm only a human.

Puzzle #1: the cutting tool

You need a fire. Drag an adult villager to the fish bone at the bottom right. He will heat-treat and sharpen it into a cutting tool.

Puzzle #2:the stream

You will need a villager who is adept at research and building. Once you have unclogged the dam by the flutes, you will see that where the waterfall used to land, there is an oddly shaped rock. Drag the adept scientist/builder to the rock and they will carry it to the hole where the water is going, therefore blocking the hole and restoring the old water path.

Puzzle #3:boiling water

Drag a villager to the saltwater or freshwater bowls at the right and wait for them to dump it in the cooking pot. Then drag a villager to the stack of blackened rocks to the left of the ramp to the research lab. They will put it in the fire. When the rock turns red, drag a villager to it and they will take it to the pot. You have found a way to boil water.

Puzzle #4: making soap

Have any villager collect three of the soapy smelling plants left of the ramp to the research lab, then follow the steps above to boil saltwater. When everything is ready, drag a villager to the cooing table and they will start cooking. After they are done, you will see that the pot looks empty. Drag a villager to it and they will start stacking the soap.

Puzzle #5: the butterflies

You must have puzzle #2 done to do this. Once the stalks by the berries have fully recovered, drag a villager to them and they will use a cutting tool to cut some. After they are done, they will be covered with sticky plant juice. Slowly drag them to the banyan tree, making sure the butterflies are following. Once they are there, drop them by the tree and they will wipe the juice off on the tree, therefore making the tree attractive to butterflies.

Puzzle #6: the frogs

You must have puzzle #2 done to complete this. When it rains, you will see that two puddles have formed under the ramp that leads to the tree. If you look closely, you will see that there are frogs bouncing around. Drag as many adult villagers there as possible, and they will put the frogs back where they belong, in the river under the big banyan tree.

Puzzle #7: the cooking pit

Get some builders to clear out the rocks at the bottom left corner. When they are done, heat up 5 rocks separately. When all the rocks are in the pit, they will make an X-shape. Drag a villager to the leafy plant under the ramp to the lab, and they will use the leaves to cover the rocks, making an oven. Use the oven to cook the hard fruit on the tree nearby.

Puzzle #8: cloth

You will have needed to finish building the clothing hut for this. Drag an adult villager to the pulpy vines on the wall under the banyan. They will use a cutting tool to cut some and put them on the cooking table. Boil some salt water, and cook. When it is done, drag a villager to the pot and they will spread out the cloth pulp. Beat it ten times, until it says one hundred percent. Then a villager will automatically store it in the clothing hut. I have met a glitch where two villagers finished beating it at the same time, and then ended up giving me six bolts of cloth instead of three.

Puzzle #10: the mossy rocks

You will need to have completed puzzle #2 and two kids for this. If you look at the beach above the top dock for a long time, you will notice a crab that scuttles by every once in a while. When it appears, drag the kids onto it and the kids will start to distract it. With no place to go, the crab just stays there while you go and drag an adult to it. The adult will bring the crab to the mossy rocks and it will snip off the moss on one of them. You will need to repeat this process 4 more times, once more for each rock. When the rocks are all clean, drag an adult villager to them and it will tell you a story...

Puzzle #12: the fishing nets

You will need at least three cloth bolts for this, if not more. First, get a builder to fix the rickety docks. Then, drag a villager to the docks and they will use the cloth to make nets. If they mess up, you will need more cloth, so I recommend using a master builder. When they are done, they will be a new source of food and every once in a while you might catch a golden fish.

Puzzle #13: the sick limb

You will need at least one bolt of cloth, one cutting tool, and one bar of soap for this. Drag a villager to the sick branch of the banyan and they will get some cloth to bind it. When they are done, drag them to the cutting tools and they will use one to cut off the sick branch. Even though the branch is gone, the contagion is still there, so you need to drag them to the soap to let them wash it off. After this, I believe there is a new branch that grows in.

Puzzle #15: the hole

You will need to have one bar of soap, level three in dendrology, a fire, and the flowing stream to do this. First, have the selected villager take a bath in the lake by the lab to purify their body. When they are done, have them meditate in the clearing by the pipes to purify their mind. Next, drag them to the hole in the tree and they will go in it. When they come out again, they will be holding a blob of black stuff and will burn it in the fire. You have purified the tree and the hole should be gone.

Puzzles #10, 12, 14, and 15

These are the puzzles I have yet to figure out. One of them may have something to do with a lei. After I healed the hole, I started a lei with the braids in the bottom left corner of the lab. It said the lei needed flowers, and I believe it has something to do with the flowers that have not bloomed yet. There is also a small purple hummingbird that I just noticed, it may have something to do with pollinating the flowers. I hope this helps.