Answer for USA, Canada and countries running a 60 Hz power supply service.NO.
The wiring and the breakers on the 30 Amp circuit supplying the 30 Amp outlet would not be able to supply enough power to a 50 Amp dryer.

As you asked this question it is best for you to ask a licensed electrician to advise you - he would be able to install a new 50 Amp power circuit for you to use your new dryer safely.

Notes from a professional appliance installer and electrician:
As I read the question, you want to use a 50amp cord on the dryer. I have never heard of a dryer that draws 50amps, so I'm guessing that you have a 50 amp cord that you want to use on your dryer. the answer is no, but not for electrical reasons. A 50 amp cord (and outlet) has three straight prongs (and maybe a fourth round ground prong). 30amp cords have have two straight prongs and an L shaped (neutral) prong (and maybe a fourth round ground prong). A 50amp cord will physically not fit into a 30amp outlet. I would suggest getting the proper cord for the dryer. If you do in fact have some sort of high amperage commercial dryer I would suggest not plugging it into a 30 amp circuit. It will wind up tripping the circuit when the heat cycle starts.

<><><>

As always, if you are in doubt about what to do, the best advice anyone should give you is to call a licensed electrician to advise what work is needed.
Before you do any work yourself,
on electrical circuits, equipment or appliances,
always use a test meter to ensure the circuit is, in fact, de-energized.

IF YOU ARE NOT ALREADY SURE YOU CAN DO THIS JOB
SAFELY AND COMPETENTLY
REFER THIS WORK TO QUALIFIED PROFESSIONALS.



More InfoYour "50a dryer cord" is one of a kind, unless it's some sort of one-off commercial variety. Residential dryers draw a maximum 30 amps of current, and are generally supplied with 30-amp pigtails, similar to what has been described above, with the L-shaped ground prong.

A 50-amp cord -- the sort generally used for electric ranges -- will NOT fit into a 30-amp outlet. This arrangement (called "indexing") is meant to protect consumers from mismatching the two common 240 VAC appliance hookups.

If you're wondering whether an electric dryer can be run from a 50-amp outlet -- yep, all day and all night and to the end of time. All that needs to happen is to provide a 50-amp pigtail for the dryer. The dryer DRAWS amps, it doesn't RECEIVE them at the whim of the circuit. It will draw no more than usual on a 50-amp circuit.

An electric range -- normally a 50-amp 220-240 VAC appliance -- can be run on a 30-amp circuit... if you run just one or two burners at a time. The appliance is amp-rated based on all four (or six) burners and the oven all being on at the max settings all at the same time. Obviously, this seldom happens in real life. The worst thing that can happen when doing so -- in a properly wired building -- is that a breaker would pop.