0
What else can I help you with?
How ISR is serviced?
when interrupt occurs, the program counter content will stores into stack, an PC will load interrupt address for next instruction execution. ofter completion ISR process PC will retrieves the stack values and execution will be continued.
What is nested interrupt?
I believe a nested interrupt, is where an interrupt is allowed to occur (and thus is handled) during an already occurring Interupt service ruotine. I.E. First interrupt occurs ISR1 begins second Interrupt occurs ISR2 begins ISR2 Finishes ISR1 continues from where left off ISR1 finishes
When interrupt occurs where is the address following the current instruction stored?
When an interrupt occurs, the address following the current instruction is stored on the stack.
How the interrupt bios function called?
In a computer, the interrupt BIOS function is typically called when a hardware or software interrupt occurs. This is done through specific interrupt vectors that point to the corresponding interrupt service routines (ISRs) in the BIOS. When an interrupt is triggered, the CPU halts its current operations, saves its state, and jumps to the address of the ISR defined for that specific interrupt. After the ISR completes its task, control is returned to the original program, restoring the CPU's state.
What happens when halt instruction is executed?
The processor stops and goes to the halt state. If an interrupt occurs, it responds and then continues execution.
What is the function of the interrupt vector in computer systems?
The interrupt vector in computer systems is a table of memory addresses that point to specific routines or functions that handle different types of interrupts. When an interrupt occurs, the processor looks up the corresponding memory address in the interrupt vector to determine which routine to execute. This allows the computer to respond to external events or signals in a timely and organized manner.
Highest priority interrupt in micro processor?
The highest priority interrupt in a microprocessor is usually the reset interrupt. When a reset occurs, the microprocessor is forced to stop its current operations and begin executing the reset routine. This is critical for initializing the processor and setting it to a known state before starting normal operations.
What is a Sentence Interruption?
I finally found a place to do my homework without interruption from my roommates.
List and briefly define two approaches to dealing with multiple interrupts?
The discussion so far has only covered the occurrence of a single interrupt. Suppose, however, that multiple interrupts can occur. For e.g. a program may be receiving data from a communication line and printing results. The printer will generate an interrupt every time that it completes a print operation. The communication line controller will generate an interrupt every time a unit of data arrives. The unit could either be a single character or a block, depending on the nature of the communications discipline. In any case, it is possible for a communications interrupt to occur while a printer interrupt is being processed. Two approaches can be taken to deal with multiple interrupts. The first is to disable interrupts while an interrupt is being processed. A disabled interrupt simply means that the processor can and will ignore that interrupt request signal. If an interrupt occurs during this time, it generally remains pending and will be checked by the processor after the processor has enabled interrupts. Thus, when a user program is executing and an interrupt occurs, interrupts are disabled immediately. After the interrupt handler routine is completed, interrupts are enabled before resuming the user program and the processor checks to see if additional interrupts have occurred. This approach is nice and simple, as interrupts are handled in strict sequential order (Figure3.10 (a)). The drawback to the preceding approach is that it does not take into account relative priority or time-critical needs. For e.g. when input arrives from the communications line, it may need to be absorbed rapidly to make room for more input, If the first batch of input has not been processed before the second batch arrives, data may be lost. A second approach is to define priorities for interrupts and to allow an interrupt of higher priority to cause a lower-priority interrupt handler to be itself, interrupted. As an example of this second approach, consider a system with three I/O devices: a printer, a disk, and a communications line, with increasing priorities of 2, 4, and 5, respectively. A user program begins at t=0. At t=10, a printer interrupt occurs; user information is placed on the system stack and execution continues at the printer interrupt service routine (ISR). While this routine is still executing, at t=15, a communications interrupt occurs. Because the communications line has higher priority than the printer, the interrupt is honored. The printer ISR is interrupted, its state is pushed onto the stack, and execution continues at the communications ISR. While this routine is executing, a disk interrupt occurs (t=20). Because this interrupt is of lower priority, it is simply held and the communications ISR runs to completion. When the communications ISR is complete (t=25), the previous processor state is restored, which is the execution of the printer ISR. However, before even a single instruction in that routine can be executed, the processor honors the higher priority disk interrupt and control transfers to the disk ISR. Only when that routine is complete (t=35) is the printer ISR resumed. When that routine completes (t=40), control finally returns to the user program.
How does OS handle interrupt?
The operating system (OS) handles interrupts by using an interrupt handling mechanism that includes interrupt detection, prioritization, and servicing. When an interrupt occurs, the CPU pauses its current execution, saves the state of the running process, and transfers control to a specific interrupt handler routine associated with the interrupt. The handler processes the interrupt, which may involve reading input from devices or handling errors, and then restores the saved state of the interrupted process before resuming its execution. This efficient management allows the OS to respond promptly to hardware events while maintaining system stability and performance.
HOW IS SOFTWARE INTERRUPT INITIATED?
Interrupt signals initiated by programs are called software interrupts. A software interrupt is also called a trap or anexception. A signal informing a program that an event has occurred. When a program receives an interrupt signal, it takes a specified action (which can be to ignore the signal). Interrupt signals can cause a program to suspend itself temporarily to service the interrupt. Interrupt signals can come from a variety of sources. For example, every keystroke generates an interrupt signal. Interrupts can also be generated by other devices, such as a printer , to indicate that some event has occurred. PCs support 256 types of software interrupts and 15 hardware interrupts. Each type of software interrupt is associated with an interrupt handler -- a routine that takes control when the interrupt occurs. For example, when you press a key on your keyboard, this triggers a specific interrupt handler. The complete list of interrupts and associated interrupt handlers is stored in a table called the interrupt vector table , which resides in the first 1 K of addressable memory.
What process occurs alongside the completion of cytokinesis?
During cytokinesis, the process of cell division, the cell undergoes the final stage of division where the cytoplasm is divided into two daughter cells. This process occurs alongside the completion of mitosis, which is the division of the cell's nucleus.
