Early microprocessor neded clock input to be given externally, i.e. an extra clock generator chip is necessary. the clock generator chip had two pins between which a crstal or an RC circuit could be connected for the generation of basic frequency desired. however, microprocessor, that were designed after 1978(Intel 8085, M6809, etc.) had the clock generator circuit embedded in the microprocesor chip.
We use clock signal in timing diagram because the microprocessor operates with reference to clock signals provided to it. At pins X1 and X2 we provide clock signals and this frequency is divided by two. This frequency is called as the operating frequency.
It is the ratio of the on and off time or the clock signal, which is generated by the clock generator...
Typically by running an internal clock.
The control signal is generated by the systems clock. The systems clock is called a crystal and runs at a constant speed. Typically measured in Mhz
It's generated using a quartz crystal and frequency multipliers on a motherboard.
The 8085 microprocessor has an internal divide-by-two circuit that divides the frequency of the external crystal oscillator by two. This is done to synchronize the internal operations of the microprocessor with the external clock signal and ensure reliable data processing. It also helps in reducing power consumption and improving the stability of the system.
A computer's clock signal is typically generated using oscillating crystals. The resulting clock signal is sometimes multiplied to higher frequencies or divided to lower ones, as needed by the hardware.Many computers also include a real time clock chip (RTC). This is permanently powered (using a small battery to continue running when the power is off). The RTC chip produces information about the current time of the day by counting seconds (or fractions of seconds). Those units are derived from a very reliable clock signal, typically derived from an oscillating crystal.
The clock out frequency of an 8085 is one half the crystal frequency. The period of one T cycle is the inverse of the clock frequency. At a crystal frequency of 5MHz, the clock is 2.5MHz, and T is 400 ns.
Crystal oscillators are made of a piezoelectric material that vibrates at a very precise frequency. A crystal oscillator in a digital circuit is used primarily for generating a clock signal. A clock signal is a square-wave signal that goes between a maximum and minimum voltage (usually between 5V and 0V or between 3.3V and 0V) at a precise frequency generated by the crystal oscillator. This clock signal is used for coordinating and/or controlling events in a digital circuit. In a digital watch, the current time is set and clock cycles are counted to measure the passage of time. As a second passes, the display is incremented to show that a second has passed. In a CPU, a program counter (which is used to keep track of which line of machine code the computer is at in a computer program) is incremented with each cycle of the clock. The faster the clock, the faster the program is executed. That is why CPU speed is measured in megahertz or gigahertz. There are other factors in program execution speed such as memory speed, read/write speeds, etc. but CPU clock speed is one of them.
The CLK signal in the 8085 is the system clock, which is the External Input Frequency or Crystal divided by two. It can be used to develop bus control logic, because it is essentially the inverse of ALE for one half clock cycle.
The crystal frquency in an 8085 system is twice the desired clock frequency, so a crystal of 2.2 MHz is required to operate at 1.1 MHz.Note: Clock frequency is not the same as instructions per second, because the instructions in an 8085 take a variable number of clock cycles, between 4 and 18, to execute.
actually the frequency of a digital signal in infinite because assuming the signal is a square wave for each point in time eg 1 sec the amplitude can remain at max or "dc" for any number of bits assuming 1 bit = dc for 1 sec/clock cycle