Early microprocessor neded clock input to be given externally, i.e. an extra clock generator chip is necessary. the clock generator chip had two pins between which a crstal or an RC circuit could be connected for the generation of basic frequency desired. however, microprocessor, that were designed after 1978(Intel 8085, M6809, etc.) had the clock generator circuit embedded in the microprocesor chip.
We use clock signal in timing diagram because the microprocessor operates with reference to clock signals provided to it. At pins X1 and X2 we provide clock signals and this frequency is divided by two. This frequency is called as the operating frequency.
It is the ratio of the on and off time or the clock signal, which is generated by the clock generator...
The control signal is generated by the systems clock. The systems clock is called a crystal and runs at a constant speed. Typically measured in Mhz
Typically by running an internal clock.
It's generated using a quartz crystal and frequency multipliers on a motherboard.
In the 8085 microprocessor, the clock out pin (often labeled as CLK OUT) provides a clock signal that can be used to synchronize external devices or circuits. This output clock signal is derived from the internal clock of the microprocessor and operates at a frequency determined by the oscillator connected to the clock input pin. It allows other components in a system to operate in sync with the microprocessor's timing, ensuring proper data transfer and communication.
The 8085 microprocessor has an internal divide-by-two circuit that divides the frequency of the external crystal oscillator by two. This is done to synchronize the internal operations of the microprocessor with the external clock signal and ensure reliable data processing. It also helps in reducing power consumption and improving the stability of the system.
A computer's clock signal is typically generated using oscillating crystals. The resulting clock signal is sometimes multiplied to higher frequencies or divided to lower ones, as needed by the hardware.Many computers also include a real time clock chip (RTC). This is permanently powered (using a small battery to continue running when the power is off). The RTC chip produces information about the current time of the day by counting seconds (or fractions of seconds). Those units are derived from a very reliable clock signal, typically derived from an oscillating crystal.
A clock pulse train can be generated using various methods, such as oscillators, timers, or flip-flops. A common approach is to use a 555 timer IC configured in astable mode, which produces a continuous square wave output. Alternatively, digital circuits can utilize a frequency divider, such as a flip-flop, to divide a higher frequency signal into a desired clock pulse train. The output frequency can be adjusted by changing resistor and capacitor values in the timer circuit or by selecting appropriate division ratios in flip-flop configurations.
Crystal oscillators are made of a piezoelectric material that vibrates at a very precise frequency. A crystal oscillator in a digital circuit is used primarily for generating a clock signal. A clock signal is a square-wave signal that goes between a maximum and minimum voltage (usually between 5V and 0V or between 3.3V and 0V) at a precise frequency generated by the crystal oscillator. This clock signal is used for coordinating and/or controlling events in a digital circuit. In a digital watch, the current time is set and clock cycles are counted to measure the passage of time. As a second passes, the display is incremented to show that a second has passed. In a CPU, a program counter (which is used to keep track of which line of machine code the computer is at in a computer program) is incremented with each cycle of the clock. The faster the clock, the faster the program is executed. That is why CPU speed is measured in megahertz or gigahertz. There are other factors in program execution speed such as memory speed, read/write speeds, etc. but CPU clock speed is one of them.
The clock out frequency of an 8085 is one half the crystal frequency. The period of one T cycle is the inverse of the clock frequency. At a crystal frequency of 5MHz, the clock is 2.5MHz, and T is 400 ns.
The clock period of a microprocessor is the inverse of its clock frequency. For a clock frequency of 100 MHz, the clock period can be calculated as follows: Clock Period = 1 / Frequency = 1 / 100,000,000 seconds = 10 nanoseconds. Therefore, the clock period is 10 nanoseconds.