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What is the difference between instruction registers and instruction pointer?
instruction register is used to store the next instruction to be executed. instruction pointer is used to store the address of the next instruction to be executed.
What is instruction pointer?
The instruction pointer (IP), also known as the program counter (PC) in some architectures, is a special register in a computer's CPU that tracks the address of the next instruction to be executed in a program. As the CPU processes instructions sequentially, the instruction pointer is updated to point to the subsequent instruction, allowing for the orderly execution of code. In the case of control flow changes, such as jumps or function calls, the instruction pointer can be modified to point to a different location in memory. This mechanism is essential for the sequential flow of program execution.
What are internal registers in 8086?
Internal registers in the 8086 microprocessor are small storage locations within the CPU that hold data temporarily during processing. They include general-purpose registers (AX, BX, CX, DX), segment registers (CS, DS, SS, ES), pointer registers (IP, SP, BP), and index registers (SI, DI). These registers facilitate operations by holding operands, memory addresses, and control information, enabling efficient data manipulation and instruction execution. The architecture allows for quick access to these registers, which is crucial for the performance of the processor.
What is the contents of the stack pointer after the execution of the call instruction?
On a near call, the stack pointer is 2 less than its original value. On a far call, it is 4 less.
What does PUSHAD instruction accomplish?
The PUSHAD instruction in x86 assembly language pushes the values of all general-purpose registers (EAX, EBX, ECX, EDX, ESI, EDI, EBP, and ESP) onto the stack in a specific order. This is useful for saving the state of the registers before performing operations that might modify them, allowing for easy restoration later. Upon execution, it decreases the stack pointer (ESP) accordingly to accommodate the pushed values. This instruction is primarily used in procedures where preserving the register state is necessary.
How many register are located in 8088microprocessor?
there are 14 registers in 8088 micro processor. All the 14 are 16 bit registers. They are4 segment registers viz - code segment register, stack segment register, data segment register, extra segment register.general registers are - accumulator register i.e. AX, base register i.e. BX, count register i.e. CX, data register i.e. DX and stack pointer (SP), base pointer (BP).index registers are - source index(SI), destination index(DI),and the other registers are instruction pointer and flags register.
What kind of information is stored in the pointer and index registers?
Pointer registers typically store memory addresses, allowing the CPU to access specific data locations in memory. Index registers, on the other hand, are used to modify operand addresses during program execution, often for array indexing or loop iterations. Both types of registers facilitate efficient data manipulation and memory access in assembly language programming and low-level operations.
Draw the functional block diagram of 8086 microprocessor and explain?
8086 has two blocks Bus Interfacing Unit(BIU) and Execution Unit(EU).The BIU performs all bus operations such as instruction fetching, reading and writing operands for memory and calculating the addresses of the memory operands. The instruction bytes are transferred to the instruction queue.EU executes instructions from the instruction system byte queue.Both units operate asynchronously to give the 8086 an overlapping instruction fetch and execution mechanism which is called as Pipelining. This results in efficient use of the system bus and system performance.BIU contains Instruction queue, Segment registers, Instruction pointer, Address adder.EU contains Control circuitry, Instruction decoder, ALU, Pointer and Index register,Flag register.
What is the difference between stack pointer and program counter?
The stack pointer keeps track of the top of the stack used by the current thread. The program counter keeps track of the next instruction in a program. Both are registers and both store a memory address.
Why stack pointer is 16- bit register?
Program Counter( PC)stores the 16-bit memory address of the next instruction to be fetched. Stack Pointer (SP)stores the address of a memory location which is used as a stack.
Special purpose registers?
Special purpose registers ( SPR ) hold program state; they usually include the Program_counter(aka instruction pointer), Call_stack, and Status_register(aka processor status word). In embedded microprocessors, they can also correspond to specialized hardware elements
Why are programme counter and stack pointer register 16 bit registers?
The program counter (PC) and stack pointer (SP) registers are 16-bit registers in the 8085 and in the 8086/8088 because that is how Intel designed the processors.
