At a crystal frequency of 6MHz, the 8085 microprocessor has a clock frequency of 3MHz, or a period of 333 nanoseconds. The NOP instruction requires four clock cycles, three to fetch and one to execute, so the NOP instruction with a crystal frequency of 6MHz would take 1.333 microseconds to fetch and execute.
This does not include wait states, each of which would add 0.333 microseconds to the timing.
instruction register is used to store the next instruction to be executed. instruction pointer is used to store the address of the next instruction to be executed.
Its role is to point to the next instruction to be executed in the CPU. It always points to the next instruction to be executed in the CPU
MUL is not an 8085 instruction.
To calculate the physical memory address of the next instruction executed by a microprocessor, you typically use the program counter (PC), which holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched. The PC is incremented after each fetch, usually by the size of the instruction that was executed. In systems with paging or segmentation, you may also need to consider the current values of the segment registers or page tables to translate virtual addresses to physical addresses correctly. Thus, the physical address can be derived from the PC value, along with any necessary address translation mechanisms.
it has an instruction set of a few hundred instructions.
The Instruction Register (IR) stores the instruction currently being executed. In simple processors each instruction to be executed is loaded into the instruction register which holds it while it is decoded, prepared and ultimately executed.
The function of the program counter register is to hold the address of the instruction that is being executed and (later) to hold the address of the instruction that will be executed next.
when conditional jump instruction is executed it has 10 m/c cycles bt when nt executed it has 7 m/c cycles....while unconditional jump instruction has 10 m/c cycles...
To get the next micro instruction to be executed.
input
An instruction clock in a microprocessor refers to the clock signal that synchronizes the execution of instructions within the processor. It determines the timing for when instructions are fetched, decoded, and executed, effectively controlling the overall speed at which the processor operates. The frequency of the instruction clock influences the number of instructions that can be processed per second, impacting the performance of the microprocessor.
The CIR (Current Instruction Register) is a crucial component of a computer's CPU that holds the instruction currently being executed. When an instruction is fetched from memory, it is placed in the CIR before being decoded and executed by the control unit. This allows the CPU to keep track of the instruction flow and manage execution efficiently. By storing the instruction temporarily, the CIR plays a key role in the instruction cycle of the CPU.