Yes.
Teide 1 was the first brown dwarf to be verified in 1995. It is located in the Pleiades open star cluster and is approximately 400 light years from Earth
There are white dwarfs in every galaxy.
The very smallest "stars" in the galaxy are brown dwarfs. These are starlike objects that have failed to produce sustained nuclear fusion.
According to astronomers and authors Jonathan Weiner and Carl Sagan, white dwarfs - which have been an accepted entities by all astronomers for decades - require an amount of time to "cool down" that well exceeds the current age of the universe - hence there hasn't been enough time for any of them to cool down yet and become "black dwarfs".
Yes. Loads of them.
no
the color of most of the stars in our galaxy are white. They are concered white dwarfs
mostley lower-main stars and gases and dwarfs
No Brown Dwarfs are too small to be considerred a star.
Dying stars eventually shrink into white dwarfs (which as they age eventually become red dwarfs and then brown dwarfs - but this takes an extremely long time).
No. There are no known brown dwarfs in our general region of space and certainly none close enough to exert any noticeable tidal effects.
Brown dwarfs are failed stars, so they don't count. Red dwarfs are the kings when it comes to dimness
Those are dwarf stars, which start out as white dwarfs and as they (very slowly) cool, become red dwarfs and eventually brown dwarfs.