255.255.0.0 Class B 128.0.0.0 - 191.254.254.254 default subnet 255.255.0.0
To determine the number of bits in the subnetted ID of 185.27.54.0, you need to know the subnet mask used. However, if it’s a standard Class B address (which uses a default mask of 255.255.0.0), it has 16 bits for the network portion. If the address is subnetted further, additional bits are borrowed from the host portion, increasing the network bit count. For example, if a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 is used, then there would be 24 bits in the subnetted ID.
10.0.0.0/16 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 10.5.0.0[90/205891] via 192.168.1.2, S0/0/0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 4 subnets D 10.5.0.0[90/205198] via 192.168.1.2, S0/0/0 10.0.0.0/22 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 10.5.0.0[90/205901] via 192.168.1.2, S0/0/0 10.0.0.0/8 is subnetted, 4 subnets D 10.5.0.0[90/205001] via 192.168.1.2, S0/0/0
65,534
255.255.254.0
If your address is not subnetted, then the default subnet mask would be used. For this class address, it would be 255.0.0.0
Each device can be identified by its IP address (assigned for the network and can be subnetted) and its MAC - which is a device identifier supposedly unique to the device.
The network ID for a group of IP addresses from 194.73.44.1 to 194.73.44.254 that is not subnetted is 194.73.44.0. This is because the range covers all possible host addresses in the subnet defined by the first three octets, 194.73.44, which corresponds to a default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (or /24). The network ID is the first address in this range, which is typically used to identify the network itself.
There isn't just a single subnet mask that could be used for that address. The default subnet mask would be 255.0.0.0, but there could be others if the network is subnetted.
You have a class C network connection. Since the subnet mask was not specified I can't tell if it is a traditional class C or if the network has been subnetted.
The subnet id identifies which smaller network within a larger network (the subnetted network) the packet should be delivered to. The subnet id is part of the extended network prefix which is used for routing.
A general industry rule of thumb is to use the first IP address in a range for the default gateway address. That would be .1 for most classful, non-subnetted networks.