By defining multiple constructors that differ in the number or types of arguments.
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Objects are constructed. You can't make a new object without invoking a constructor. In fact, you can't make a new object without invoking not just the constructor of the object's actual class type, but also the constructor of each of its superclasses including the Object class itself! Constructors are the code that runs whenever you use the keyword new.
Objects are constructed. You can't make a new object without invoking a constructor. In fact, you can't make a new object without invoking not just the constructor of the object's actual class type, but also the constructor of each of its superclasses including the Object class itself! Constructors are the code that runs whenever you use the keyword new. The constructor typically contains he initialization code that you want to run when someone is instantiating an object of a class that you are coding.
Objects are constructed. You can't make a new object without invoking a constructor. In fact, you can't make a new object without invoking not just the constructor of the object's actual class type, but also the constructor of each of its superclasses including the Object class itself! Constructors are the code that runs whenever you use the keyword new.
When a constructor is invoked dynamically, the new operator allocates the required memory, initialises it according to the constructor, then returns a pointer to the allocation. The destructor is invoked by deleting the pointer. It wouldn't make any sense to return a pointer from a deletion.
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A default constructor is one where no arguments are declared or required. Thus if all arguments have defaults then it is still a default constructor, but one that can also serve as an overloaded constructor. Consider the following which has two constructors, one with no arguments (the default) and one with two arguments (an overloaded constructor): struct A { A () : x (42), y (3.14) {} A (const int a, const double b) : x (a), y (b) {} int x; double y; // ... }; We can invoke these two constructors as follows: A a; // invokes default constructor (a.x is 42, a.y is 3.14). A b (0, 1.0); // invokes overloaded constructor (b.x is 0, b.y is 1.0). Since both constructors are essentially doing the same thing, they can be combined into a single constructor -- we simply make the 'magic numbers' the default values of the overloaded constructor: struct A { A (const int a=42, const double b=3.14): x (a), y (b) {} int x; double y; // ... }; A a; // a.x is 42, a.y is 3.14. A b (0, 1.0); // b.x is 0, b.y is 1.0. As far as the calling code is concerned, nothing has changed, but the class declaration is simplified by removing a redundant constructor.
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In Java, objects are constructed. Every time you make a new object, at least one constructor is invoked. Every class has a constructor, although if you don't create one explicitly, the compiler will build one for you. Ex: class Test { public Test() { } // this is Test's constructor public void Test() { } // this is a badly named, // but legal, method } If you see the example above, you would have realized that the constructor looks a lot like methods. Below are the main distinguishing factors between the constructor and normal methods: 1. The Constructor's name is exactly the same as the name of the class 2. They do not have a return type (Please remember this. A Constructor cannot have a return type as part of the code) 3. Constructors cannot be static, abstract or final
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