TV signals, like any other electrical signal, travel at the speed of light. Across the US, a signal will appear in California a small fraction of a second after it left New York. In other words, there is virtually no delay at all. However, digital technology has resulted in greater delays than seen during analog days.
Analog signals would generally be transmitted and received without being stored along the way. Digital signals are processed differently. From a studio in New York, a signal will be compressed to reduce the bandwidth required to transmit it. The compression involves processing several frames at a time before passing a data stream to a transmission line. The data is then formed into packets of data which are passed from the source to the destination. The receiver will capture the packets of data, place them into the right order and then uncompress them. This process adds more frames of delay. This process is repeated whenever the signal is taken from one location to another, from an outside broadcast truck to a fixed studio for example.
Broadcasting to homes will require the signal to be compressed once more and at the home receiver, to be uncompressed once more. Again, the compression and decompression will add several frames of delay. The whole process can add several seconds of delay to the signal by the time it is viewed on a television.
The delays will allow transmission errors to be corrected: If a packet of data is corrupted, it can be sent again to ensure that the full signal is delivered without glitches. An analog signal that is corrupted would show as noise in the picture because there is no possibility to resend that part of the signal.
Although the delays result in more effective quality control and assist in offering uninterrupted signals, a viewer will never be watching a true live broadcast any more. A touchdown during the Superbowl will actually happen a number of seconds before it is seen by the millions of fans that are watching the 'live' broadcast of it.
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The idea was originally popularized by a Science Fiction author Arthur C. Clarke in a story published in 1945. It didn't take the world that long to catch up. The first satellites used for television signals were launched in 1962. The Telstar and Relay 1 satellites broadcast signals from Europe to North America and from the US to Japan.
Yes, as long as you have an HD signal. Digital signals don't change depending on where you go like some analog signals do because digital signals are only composed of 5 volts and 0 volts, 1's and 0's.
Ground wave propagation for TV signals is possible because the signals use low frequencies that can travel along the Earth's surface, following its curvature. This allows the signals to reach receivers beyond the line of sight. Additionally, ground waves experience less attenuation compared to higher frequencies, making them suitable for long-distance transmission.
Sky Television was the first company to take advantage of satellite signals in the UK. Shortly after they were followed by the BSB company. The two fought for control of the market for decades before the BBC released their Freesat service. A free satellite TV provider.
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High Definition television uses digital signals which are more compact. The old technology (standard definition) uses analog signals which take up more space. So because the HDTV signals are more compact, they are allowed to carry a lot more information and therefore provide a clearer picture.
TV signals primarily travel through the troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere, where most weather phenomena occur. They can also utilize the ionosphere, a region of the upper atmosphere, to reflect signals over long distances, particularly for AM radio and some TV broadcasts. The ionosphere's ability to refract radio waves allows for extended range, especially at night when its properties change.
This might be a description of a radio antenna.
Egyptians, like the rest of the world, (Mexicans, Italians, Japanese, etc) receive over the air TV signals, satellite TV signals, and cable TV signals. So the answer to this astoundingly stupid question is YES!
You might like to take a look at the Tektronix website which has some brief descriptions of analog, SD SDI and HD SDI signals. Their tutorials are based on the use of their own signal monitors of course, but the Harris will have similar functions and of course, the content of the SDI signals is independent of the analyzer. It's probably worth deciding on what information you are trying to gather as it can take a long long time to master all the detail of SDI signals and their relevance to your needs. Typical SDI signals will have auxiliary data imbedded such as audio, closed caption, test lines, idents etc. If you only need to check signal quality with eye patterns, for example, the aux data will only serve to bog you down.