http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penstock U can get the answer from the above link
penstock
A penstock is a pipe that carries water from the reservoir to the turbine in a hydroelectric power plant, while a pressure shaft is a vertical pipe that carries water under pressure from the penstock to the turbines. The penstock is typically horizontal and submerged in water, while the pressure shaft is vertical and carries water at high pressure.
A giant tube in a hydropower plant is typically known as a penstock. It is a large pipe or conduit that carries water from the reservoir to the turbines, where the potential energy of the water is converted into mechanical energy to generate electricity. The size of a penstock can vary depending on the capacity and design of the hydropower plant.
A penstock is a pressure conduit that delivers water from a reservoir to a turbine generator in a hydropower plant. It controls the flow of water and maintains high pressure, allowing the water to generate power as it flows through the turbine.
ONLY 1 PENSTOCK that's all
its connected at the start of penstock to reduce the "water hammering effect" in it.
Head race tunnel are Non pressurized tunnels and Penstock is the tunnel bearing pressure. As there is the breakdown in the Power and the water is stopped entering through the turbines, the pressurized flow of water in the penstock creates hammer effect and goes back to the HRT. So, keeping Fore bay in between HRT and Penstock helps reducing pressurized water to create Water Hammers. Hence, to reduce the back water pressure effect, the Fore bay is used in the Hydro power Plant.
about 2.00$
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Pen stock is made of pipe while Tunnel is not a pipe.Tunnel is made of concrete material.