Speech Quality Index is a performance metric for voice quality in GSM. However it is to be noted that SQI (speech quality index), is not a standard performance metric for GSM, and is specific only to the TEMS family of drive testing/field testing tools.
SQI aims to provide a reasonable estimate of the voice quality, as perceived by a human ear. It aims to achieve what Mean opinion score for PESQ does, however it does so without comparing a received sample with a reference sample. Instead SQI simply takes the downlink RF measurments into account and provides a value within 0-30db, with 30 db being the best quality and 0 db being the worst.
The inputs to the SQI algorithm for calculating SQI are,
FER (Frame error rate), Number of frames lost, out of total frames. This also accounts for frames lost in GSM handovers.
BER (Bit Error Rate), Number of bits received in error, out of total received bits.
Speech Codec used: What exact speech codec is being used for the call at the moment, since the bitrate of a speech codec directly influences voice quality.
GSM provides a better speech quality due to the fact that it is the per user bandwidth that GSM can provide. D-AMPS bandwidth is 24.96 MHz and GSM is 24.8 MHz.
GSM stands for grams per square meter, which measures the weight and thickness of paper. A higher GSM indicates a thicker and more durable paper, while a lower GSM indicates a lighter and more flexible paper. The GSM of paper can affect its quality by influencing factors such as durability, opacity, and print quality.
width = 150 & gsm = 120 calculation : width x gsm/100 = glm 150 x 120/100 = 180
To convert ounces to grams per square meter (gsm), you can use the conversion factor where 1 ounce per square yard is approximately equal to 33.91 gsm. Since 10 ounces is equivalent to about 338.14 gsm, the calculation is as follows: 10 oz × 33.91 gsm/oz ≈ 339.1 gsm. Thus, 10 ounces is roughly 339 gsm.
gsm in tarpaulin means grams per square meter it refers to the quality of material used in production
To convert grams per square meter (GSM) to ounces per square yard (oz/yd²), you can use the conversion factor that 1 GSM is approximately equal to 0.0295 oz/yd². To perform the conversion, multiply the GSM value by 0.0295. For example, if you have a fabric with a GSM of 150, the calculation would be 150 × 0.0295, resulting in about 4.43 oz/yd².
encyption prevents unauthorized access to the data that is transferred, that is the speech, or sms and so on
75 gsm and 70 gsm are the weight of the paper naturally the 75 gsm is a little bit good tha 70 gsm paper it is costly to but the 70 gsm paper is good for daily printing on laser printer but if u want to make special assignement or project or may be resume than go for the 75 gsm or more
voice quality is better cdma techology
The gsm (grams per square meter) of photo paper typically ranges from 180 to 300 gsm, depending on the type and quality of the paper. Standard photo papers usually have a gsm of around 200 to 250, which provides a sturdy feel and vibrant print quality. Higher gsm values, such as 300, are often used for professional prints or fine art reproductions, offering enhanced durability and a more premium finish.
Cloth paper typically has a GSM (grams per square meter) ranging from 80 to 150, depending on the thickness and quality of the material.
A.C Dolwin has written: 'Half rate GSM speech encoder'