The Milky Way Galaxy - the one we are in.
Andromeda Galaxy
The distance of the nearest galaxy nearest to earth is measured by analyzing the light coming from that galaxy. This method is performed by observing the individual object's brightness.
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The closest galaxy that has planets is the Andromeda galaxy. It is the nearest galactic neighbor to the earth. The Milky Way has other planets too.
The Sun
Mars, like Earth, is in the Milky Way galaxy. The next nearest galaxy is the Andromeda galaxy, which is about 14,696,575,000,000,000,000 miles away.
The nearest and the largest galaxy to the Milkyway is the "Andromeda Galaxy."
Not counting the Magellanic Clouds (which are minielliptical galaxies orbiting our galaxy), the Andromeda galaxy is the galaxy nearest to our galaxy.
The nearest Spiral Galaxy is our own Milky Way Galaxy. After that, is the Andromeda Galaxy.
The Andromeda Galaxy is approximately 2.537 million light-years away from Earth. It is the nearest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way and is on a collision course with our galaxy, expected to merge in about 4.5 billion years.
The nearest non-dwarf galaxy is the Andromeda galaxy.
This would be Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy, discovered in November 2003, which is approximately 25,000 light years from the Earth.