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The cell membrane can deal with materials through several mechanisms:

  1. Passive Transport: This includes diffusion and osmosis, where substances move across the membrane without energy input, following their concentration gradients.
  2. Active Transport: This process requires energy, usually in the form of ATP, to move substances against their concentration gradients using transport proteins.
  3. Endocytosis: The membrane can engulf materials, forming vesicles to bring them into the cell, which includes phagocytosis for solids and pinocytosis for liquids.
  4. Exocytosis: This is the process by which cells expel materials by fusing vesicles with the membrane, releasing their contents outside the cell.
  5. Facilitated Diffusion: Specific molecules can cross the membrane via protein channels or carriers, allowing selective transport without energy expenditure.
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3mo ago

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