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straight through and crossover. of those there is class A and class B.

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That's not exactly accurate. There are a SIGNIFICANT number of difference in types of ethernet cable, especially when you buy it non-terminated! First off, there is a huge difference between having a solid core and stranded copper core inside the individual eight wires. Solid core wire exhibits less signal loss through attenuation for long, static runs (295' typ.) from port to port. Stranded wire is flexible for use in short (16' typ.) patch cords for connecting equipment to a data port. Using flex wire for long runs can cause signal loss. Using solid, non-flexible wire for connecting equipment to data ports can cause wires to break.

After that, the assembly of the wires and sheathing can be vastly different. Some are simple twisted pairs of the eight wires in a plastic sheath. Some cables are shielded to eliminate interference from adjacent electro-magnetic sources. Some cable assemblies are rated as waterproof, or for direct burial, or for exposure to UV light, such as sunlight. Some have a strong fiber thread running inside so they don't stretch and break the small wires when being pulled through conduit.

BTW, class A and B wiring standards for straight through cables represent a different order of arranging the 8 colored wires. As long as both ends of the cable use the same arrangement, there is no difference to the end user between an A wired cable or B wired cable.

Straight through cables have the same wire arrangement (either A or B) on each end. They are the "standard" or "default" patch cables used for every day hookups. If not specified, you would use a straight through cable. Crossover cables are wired differently on both ends and are specialty cables. If you don't know what they are, you don't need one unless you are specifically instructed to use one.

Chaz

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