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In cryptography, RSA (which stands for the names of the people who first publicly described it; Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman ) is an algorithm for public-key cryptography. Clifford Cocks, a British mathematician working for the British intelligence agency GCHQ described an equivalent system in an internal document in 1973. His discovery, however, was not revealed until 1998 due to its top-secret classification, and Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman devised RSA independently of Cocks' work.

RSA uses asymmetric keys, i.e. key "pairs" for encryption and decryption. The message is converted to an integer using a padding scheme and then encrypted using modulo arithmetic and the one of the keys of the pair. It is decrypted using the same modulo arithmetic and the the other key of the pair.

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