What happens when you wrap an iPhone in tinfoil and copper wire and then charge it?

Answer 1

Nothing special, but it can't send or receive calls because the wire and foil will block the microwave radio signals that connect it to the cell tower. Its Bluetooth ail also be unable to work as the wire and foil will block the radio signals that connect it to its Bluetooth devices.

If the foil was covering the power connector and you forced the plug through this foil, it would very likely short the wallwart power supply out possibly damaging it, but this would not affect the iPhone itself.

Note: when you remove the wire and foil later, remember to remove any foil scraps forced into the connector to avoid risk of damaging another wallwart power supply.