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Analog phone lines, at least in North America, do have polarity, or a difference between positive and negative. "On-hook" dial tone current is about 48 volts DC. North American wiring calls for a minimum of two wires (red & green), though a second pair (black and yellow) is probably present. For voice use, phone line polarity doesn't really matter; it will work either way. However, computer modems, fax machines, alarm systems, etc. may not work at all if the phone line's polarity is reversed. Or they may work, but their performance is degraded. The red wire is the "ring" or negative wire. The green wire is the "tip" or positive wire.

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