Around 750 million years after the big bang. The oldest galaxy known is IOK-1 [See related link]
Gravity is the primary force involved in the formation of galaxies after the big bang. Over time, the gravitational attraction between matter caused it to clump together, forming structures like galaxies and clusters of galaxies.
Galaxies began forming around 13.6 billion years ago, not long after the Big Bang that created the universe. Over time, gravity caused matter to clump together, eventually forming the galaxies we observe today.
At some moment, there were minor fluctuations in the matter density in the Universe. This is related to the theory of inflation.Due to gravitation, the parts that had a little more density to start with gathered more mass from the surrounding areas, thus forming galaxies, galaxy clusters, and superclusters.
For a start, look up "Local Group" in the Wikipedia. This will show you a list of nearby galaxies.
In spiral galaxies, the center is typically crowded with stars, forming a dense bulge, while the number of stars decreases as you move outward into the spiral arms and the surrounding halo. In contrast, elliptical galaxies also have a high concentration of stars in their centers, but their star distribution can be more uniform or decrease more gradually outward. In both types of galaxies, the central region is where star density is highest, tapering off in the outer regions.
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Gas
Gravity plays a crucial role in the formation and structure of galaxies. It is the force that pulls matter together, allowing gas and dust to coalesce into stars and clusters, ultimately forming galaxies. Additionally, gravity governs the motion of stars and other celestial bodies within galaxies, influencing their orbits and interactions. Overall, gravity is fundamental to the dynamics and evolution of galaxies throughout the universe.
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No. Elliptical galaxies are some of the oldest galaxies.They are also called early galaxies. The elliptical galaxies are made of low massed stars, a sparse interstellar medium and very low star forming characteristics.
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