The layer that describes how data is transmitted over a physical medium is the Physical Layer. It encompasses the hardware technologies and protocols involved in transmitting raw bits over a physical connection, including electrical signals, light signals, and radio waves. This layer defines the characteristics of the physical medium, such as cable types, signal frequencies, and data rates. It serves as the foundation for higher layers in the network architecture, ensuring reliable data transmission.
The physical layer of the OSI model does not operate with a specific number of bits, as it deals with the transmission of raw binary data over physical media. Instead, it is concerned with the characteristics of the physical connection, including voltage levels, timing, and signaling methods. Data is transmitted as a series of bits, but the physical layer itself is focused on how these bits are represented and transmitted over the medium.
MAC
physical layer.
MAC
It depends on which textbook you are reading; some textbooks state that the frame is constructed in the data link layer (layer 2) and transmitted out the physical layer as a packet. Some other textbooks will say that the packet is created in layer 2 and transmitted out the physical layer as a frame.
The physical layer - layer 1.
The Physical Layer defines the means of transmitting raw bits rather than logical data packets over a physical link connecting network nodes. The bit stream may be grouped into code words or symbols and converted to a physical signal that is transmitted over a hardware transmission medium. The Physical Layer provides an electrical, mechanical, and procedural interface to the transmission medium. The shapes and properties of the electrical connectors, the frequencies to broadcast on, the modulation scheme to use and similar low-level parameters, are specified here. Within the semantics of the OSI network architecture, the Physical Layer translates logical communications requests from the Data Link Layer into hardware-specific operations to affect transmission or reception of electronic signals.
Data Link Layer
The physical layer - it describes the hardware and the signaling techniques used at the physical connection between the network and the device.
A PHY chip takes a set of data, and turns it into a string of bits to allow the data to be transmitted across a physical medium, such as fiber optic cables. This is part of Layer 1 of the OSI model.
A PHY chip takes a set of data, and turns it into a string of bits to allow the data to be transmitted across a physical medium, such as fiber optic cables. This is part of Layer 1 of the OSI model.
to convert a frame into a series of signals to be transmitted on the local media