In principle, tefillin should be worn the whole weekday until
sunset (Shulchan Arukh Orach Chaim 30:2); and that is how our
ancestors conducted themselves in ancient times. However, due to
the spiritual descent which the generations have undergone (Talmud,
Shabbat 112b), we now wear the tefillin only during the shacharit
(morning) services (Shulchan Arukh Orach Chaim 37:2), since one
must maintain a high level of concentration (Talmud, Menachot 36b)
and physical purity while wearing the tefillin (Talmud, Shabbat
130a).
We don't wear the Tallit during Maariv or at night, because "and
you shall see them" (Bamidbar ch.15) is interpreted to mean "only
during the day" (Talmud, Menachot 43a; Shulchan Arukh Orach Chaim
18:1).