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There are over 120 fish species in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, which are commercially divided in two groups of sturgeons and bony fishes. The bony fishes are also divided into kilka and other species. The main commercial species are as follows:

Sturgeons: Beluga (Huso huso), Russian sturgeon (Acipenser guldenstadti), Iranian sturgeon (A. persicus), and Sevruga (A. stellatus). The Iranian Caviar, being a famous and exclusive product worldwide, is produced by these species.

Kilkas (small Clupeidae): Clupeonella delicatula, C. engrauliformis, C. grimmi

Other bony fishes: Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum), Mullets (Mugil auratus and M. saliens), Carp (Cuprinus carpio), Bream (Abramis brama), Pike-perch (Lucioperca lucioperca), Roach (Rutilus rutilus) and Salmon (Salmo trutta caspius).

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