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They are called canyons or trenches, depending on what and where they are.

Canyons cut back into the continental shelves or are scoured channels along the shelf surface, some developed during glacial phases when the sea-level was far lower and some of what are now sea-ways, like the English Channel, were river valleys.

Trenches are particularly associated with subduction zones, where the ocean floor plate is being bent down and forced below the continent.

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