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Curtain wall castles evolved significantly from their inception in the early medieval period to the late Middle Ages. Initially, they were simple wooden structures or stone walls that surrounded a keep, but advancements in military architecture led to the incorporation of thicker stone walls, towers, and battlements for better defense against siege weapons. The introduction of gunpowder in the late 15th century prompted further changes, as castles adapted to include lower, wider walls and angled bastions to withstand cannon fire. This evolution reflected the changing nature of warfare and the need for stronger fortifications.

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3d ago

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