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Sediments and rocks which have content such as sea shells indicate submersion at some particular era.

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11y ago

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How does refraction help geologists determine what is below the surface of earth?

Refraction helps geologists determine subsurface structures by analyzing how seismic waves change direction as they pass through different geological materials. When these waves encounter layers of varying densities and compositions, their speed and angle of propagation change, creating a bending effect. By measuring the angles and travel times of refracted waves, geologists can infer the types and locations of materials beneath the surface, aiding in resource exploration and understanding geological formations. This technique is widely used in seismic surveys for oil, gas, and mineral exploration.


Who is the best geologist?

Your question is kind of broad since geology is comprised of such a wide spectrum of careers, but here are a few of the most renowned geologists in history: James Hutton - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hutton Charles Lyell - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lyell Alfred Wegener - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Wegener Here's a list of other famous geologists: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_geologists The majority of work that geologists perform today is based on the discoveries of these people. There are many different jobs that geologists perform today, but I'd say that the "best" geologists of today are those who dedicate their lives to the study of environmental sustainability and the prediction/prevention of geologic hazards. Geologists involved with the oil industry are generally the highest paid in the field, but some may not consider these to be the "best" geologists because of their affiliation with oil companies and how detrimental they are to the environment. Many of the best geologists today work for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). http://www.usgs.gov/


Which of the following is not a characteristic that geologists use to identify minerals A Fracture B Color c Streak D Softness?

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How could geologists use fossil in rock layer B to date a rock layer in another location?

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What do scientists use index fossils for?

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