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In this investigation, students explore river and stream erosion. Precipitation (rain) that falls to the Earth's surface either soaks into the ground, evaporates, or flows across the land. Water that flows across the land runs downhill. Along the way, it can pick up and carry sediment ranging from fine clay to coarse sand or gravel. As the water runs downhill, it cuts into the soil, forming channels called gullies. When gullies reach a low-lying area, they merge together, forming a larger stream. Streams merge together to form larger streams or rivers. Most sediment carried downhill eventually ends up in a stream and is carried away. In this way, streams affect more of the Earth's surface than any other agent of erosion. The amount of sediment a stream can carry depends on the speed and size of the stream. The speed of the water in a stream depends on its slope. The steeper the slope, the faster the water moves. Fast-moving or large streams can carry more sediment than slow-moving or small streams.

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