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The Matterhorn was formed by a glacier. According to Physical Geology & the Environment, glaciers are large masses of ice that move downslope because of gravity. Glaciers are formed on land by snow that has been compacted over many years and then becomes recrystallized. There are two types of glaciated land on earth: continental glaciation, where a fairly large part of a continent is covered in glacial ice, and alpine glaciation, where the glacier is found in mountainous regions around the globe. Alpine glaciation was responsible for creating the Matterhorn because the glaciation took place in a mountainous region.
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