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One of the world's greatest civilisations developed along the Nile about 5000years ago. It was possible because people learned how to control the floodings of the Nile. People could not live without water, all the territory farther from the Nile was (is) a desert. Then in July, the flood came and left silt on the fields. So they formed farming communities and built canals from the river to their fields and gates to control the amount of water and they watered their lands using them and the sadufs (tool for lifting water to the higher lands). This way they could make their lands fertile. Their life was based on farming. They grew wheat, barley, vegetables, and fruit.

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