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Such cooling water is not used to cool down the reactors, it is used to cool and condense the steam outlet of the steam turbines, in fact it just passes through tubes inside the condenser and then back to the river or lake, or in some plants with cooling towers it passes through the cooling towers before going through the condenser and then back to the river or lake. The water does not come into contact with any radioactivity, but is warmed slightly by heat exchange in the condenser, before returning to the river or lake. So the only effect on the river or lake is to have water returned at a slightly higher temperature than the main body of water. Water taken from a river or lake would have far too many impurities (dissolved solids and organic matter) to be used in the primary or secondary cooling circuits of the reactor, and would go through a demineralising plant before being used for those circuits.

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15y ago

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