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Convection currents are caused by uneven heating of bodies of water/air, resulting in a current as hotter air/water rises, and cooler air/water sinks.

For example on a stove-top, when boiling water, the water at the bottom will warm first, being closest to the fire. Rising to the top, it will cool and sink to the bottom, creating a current.

That is why covering a pot is more efficient- when the hot water rises to the top due to a convection current, it cannot lose as much heat.

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