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Non-biological elements of a forest ecosystem can include rocks, soil, other elements within the soil, including various naturally occurring mineral deposits, and even air and the water itself contained in rivers and streams; each of these is vitally necessary to the forest.

Unfortunately, chemical pollutants are also substances that can be considered a 'part' of the ecosystem, ranging from runoff pesticides, industrial effluent, acid rain, and even simple litter, each of which has a diverse effect on the ecosystem.

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15y ago

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