At Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, Native Americans, particularly the Chumash and Salinan tribes, engaged in agricultural activities, cultivating crops such as wheat, corn, and beans introduced by Spanish missionaries. They participated in the mission's religious activities, converting to Christianity and adopting European customs while still maintaining aspects of their own cultural practices. Additionally, they contributed labor for construction and maintenance of the mission, fostering a complex relationship with the Spanish colonizers.