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For the most part the Chumash were forced to live at the mission by the Spanish military where they were enslaved, tortured, and buried in mass graves due to widespread disease contracted from their captors. It is true that some or many "converted" to Catholism, but mostly for their own survival and to avoid torture. Read "Breath of the Sun" by Fernando Librado for an eye witness account of life in the mission.

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11y ago

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