Surface current
Materials and energy
Current
an ocean current.
Conveyor Belt Cycling describes the movement of the ocean water between surface and deep water.
It is called an ocean current
Ocean currents
The energy produced by the movement of ocean water is Tidal Energy
In hydrology, throughflow is the horizontal movement of water in the soil zone.
The phenomenon you are describing is known as ocean circulation or thermohaline circulation. This process is driven by differences in temperature and salinity in the water, which create density variations that cause the water to move. The circulation helps distribute heat across the ocean, influencing climate and weather patterns. A specific component of this is the "ocean conveyor belt," which refers to the large-scale movement of water that connects different ocean basins.
They form by erosion, either from under water volcanos or the currents that constantly move the water. The point is they both cause trenches, also oceanic plate movement.
The movement of water when ocean and fresh water meet is called Density currents.