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The upper course of a river is characterized by steep gradients, fast-flowing water, and features such as waterfalls and rapids, typically found in mountainous or hilly regions. In contrast, the lower course has a gentler gradient, slower-moving water, and broader floodplains, often exhibiting meanders and deltas as it approaches its mouth. The upper course primarily focuses on erosion and sediment transport, while the lower course is more about sediment deposition and shaping the landscape.

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2mo ago

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